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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 22 June 2011
Recent decades have witnessed a growing awareness of the need to study the impact of the New World on the Old, instead of the other way about. Yet surprisingly little is known about the whereabouts of books on America, or of atlasses and maps of this new world, in the libraries of European intellectuals from, say, 1500 until 1700 (the same holds true, incidentally, for texts about Asia). A possible explanation for this state of affairs might be that it is easier, although difficult enough, to compile a reliable bibliography of printed sources on America, as the splendid European Americana amply proves, than to ascertain what books figured in private libraries which are no longer intact. Furthermore, research into the private libraries of the past is still a somewhat modest sector of the province of intellectual history, in spite of the fact that Mario Schiff's brilliant study of the Marqués de Santillana's library dates from 1905 and that Henri-Jean Martin's seminal works have been published since 1958.
1 Alden, John ed., European Americana: A Chronological Guide to Works Printed in Europe Relating to the Americas, 1493–1776 (6 vols. New York 1980–1991).Google Scholar
2 Schiff, Mario, La bibliothèque du marquis de Santillane (Paris 1905)Google Scholar; Febvre, L. and Martin, H.-J., L'apparition du livre (Paris 1957).Google Scholar
3 Auction-catalogue of Professor Bonaventura Vulcanius (Leiden 1610).
4 Cf. Alden ed., European Americana I, 44–46 and 321–323.
5 We have examined 23 catalogues of 26 persons for the period 1599–1610; 14 of 19 persons for 1611–1620; 11 of 14 persons for 1621–1630; 28 of 28 persons for 1631–1640 and 38 of 41 persons for 1641–1650.
6 B. van Selm, Een menighte treffelijcke boecken. Nederlandse boekhandelscatalogi in het begin van de zeventiendc eeuw [A great number of excellent books. Booksellers' catalogues from the beginning of the seventeenth century] (Utrecht 1987) 20. This study received the Menno Hertzberger Prize for Bibliography for the triennium 1985–1989.
7 Cornelis Claesz, Amsterdam, catalogue from the end of 1603 or the beginning of 1604; 2 catalogues of Hieronymus Commelinus Heirs, Leiden, 1606 and 1607; Louis Elsevier, Leiden, 1606, and Broer Jansz, Amsterdam, ‘Catalogus universalis' from the years 1640 until 1652.
8 Kristeller, Paul Oskar, Renaissance Thought. The Classic, Scholastic and Humanist Strains (New York 1961) 3Google Scholar, reprinted in Renaissance Thought and the Arts (Princeton 1990) 2Google Scholar; Bolgar, R.R., The Classical Heritage and its Beneficiaries (New York 1964) 365.Google Scholar
9 Thanks are due to Professor M A Schenkeveld-van der Dussen of the University of Utrecht for her kind information.
10 Smith, C.B.A. and Tjalsma, H.D. eds., Leids fabrikaat [Made in Leiden] (Utrecht 1990).Google Scholar
11 de Vries, Jan, European Urbanization 1500–1800 (London 1984) 271Google Scholar; Van Selm, Een menighte treffelijcke boecken 46.
12 Montias, John Michael, ‘Estimates of the number of Dutch master-painters, their earnings and their output in 1650’, De werkelijkheid achter vernis: zeventiende-eeuwse schilderkunst, Leidschrifi. 6 (1990) 61.Google Scholar
13 Woltjer, J.J., De Leidse Universiteit in verleden en heden [The University of Leiden in past and present] (Leiden 1965) 12–13Google Scholar; Van Selm, Een menighte treffelijcke boecken, 44; Scheurleer, Th. Lunsingh et al. eds., Leiden University in the Seventeenth Century. An Exchange of Learning (Leiden 1975)Google Scholar passim; J. Lechner, ‘Estudiantes de origen hispànicoy portugues en la Universidad de Leiden, 1575–1875’, Estudios Romànicos dedicados al prof. Andrés Soria Ortega II (Granada 1985) 587–603.
14 van Heukelom-Lamme, C.A. Siegenbeek, Album Scholasticum Academiae Lugduno-Batavae MDLXXV-MCMXL (Leiden 1941) 190–197.Google Scholar
15 Lunsingh Scheurleer et al. eds., Leiden University in the Seventeenth Century, passim.
16 Van Selm, Een menighte treffelijcke boecken, 242.
17 Ibidem, 44–45.
18 Werkplaatsen van Wijsheid, Geleerdheid en het Ware Geloof of de Wisselwerking tussen de Universiteiten van Leiden en Franeker [Workshops of Wisdom, Erudition and The One True Faith or the Interaction between the Universities of Leiden and Franeker], Catalogue of the exhibition in Museum ‘t Coopmanshuis' (Franeker 1985).
19 Of the other 28 domiciles, 15 were located between Amsterdam and Rotterdam and 4 others in Zeeland; the rest were more peripheral.
20 For more details about this important bookseller: Van Selm, Een menighte treffelijcke boecken, Chapter 4, 174–230.
21 Anderson, Frank J., An illustrated History of the Herbals (New York 1977) 202.Google Scholar
22 Before 1600, Monardes' text was published 20 times, after 1600 five times.
23 Cf. Peeters-Fontainas, Jean, Bibliographic des impressions espagnoles des Pays-Bas Méridionaux II (Nieuwkoop 1965), 713–714.Google Scholar
24 A.J. Veldhuyzen-Brouwer, La brevissima Relatión de la Destruyción de las Indias. Een vergelijkende studie van zeven Nederlandse vertalingen 1578–1664 [A comparative study of seven Dutch translations] (unpublished MA thesis; Leiden 1985) 11–12;J. Lechner, ‘En torno a la Brevissima relation de la destruyción de las Indias de Fray Bartolome de las Casas', in: España, Teatro y Mujeres. Esludios dedicados a Henk Oostendorp (Amsterdam 1989) 217–226.Google Scholar
25 Veldhuyzen-Brouwer, La brevissima relation, 13–28.
26 Peeters-Fontainas, Bibliographie des impressions espagnoles I, 383–385.
27 Sinclair, Joseph H., ‘Bibliografia de Pedro Mártir de Anglería’, in: Edmundo O'Gorman ed., Décadas del Nuevo Mundo par Pedro Mártir de Anglería, primer cronisla de Indias I (Mexico City 1964) 45–53.Google Scholar
28 Peeters-Fontainas, Bibliographic I, 139–140.
29 For details about the Dutch, fragmentary translation, see Lechner, J., ‘La historiografia indiana y los Paises Bajos’ in: Vázquez, Adolfo Sotelo and Carbonell, Marta Cristina eds. Homenaje al Prqfesor Antonio Vilanova I (Barcelona 1989) I, 349.Google Scholar
30 We have not found a single impression of non-Spanish authors produced in Antwerp.
31 Lechner, J., ‘Autores españoles en bibliotecas holandesas 1550–1650’, Bulletin Hispanique 93 (1991) 221–237.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
32 As for the authenticity of the two collections, see Van Selm, Een menighte treffelijcke boecken, 66 note 127, and 95.
33 We soon hope to publish an article about books on Asia in Dutch libraries from 1599 to 1700, on the basis of 212 auction-catalogues.
34 van Praag, J.A., La comedia espagnole aux Pays-Bas au XVIIe el au XVIIIe siecle (Amsterdam 1922)Google Scholar is still a fundamental study; Shannon, Robert M., Visions of the New World in the Drama of Lope de Vega (New York etc. 1989) 6–7.Google Scholar
35 J. Lechner, ‘La imagen de America: los atlas presentes en bibliotecas de los Paises Bajos 1550–1650’, Nueva Revista de Filologia Hispánica, forthcoming.
36 van Heukelom-Lamme, C.A. Siegenbeek, Album Scholasticum (Leiden 1941) 190–197.Google Scholar
37 Hugo Grotius, Dissertatio de origine gentium Americanarum (n.p. 1642); de Laet, Joannes, Notae ad dissertationem H. Grotii de origine gentium Americanarum et obseruationes aliquot ad meliorem indaginem diffitillimae illius quaestiones (Amsterdam 1643)Google Scholar; Hugo Grotius replied to De Laet in his De origine gentium Americanarum dissertatio II advenus obtrectatorem (Paris 1643).
38 As for Rome, See Jaime González, La idea de Roma en la Historiografia Indiana (1492–1550) (Madrid 1981).
39 Bolgar, The Classical Heritage and its Beneficiaries, 202.
40 Kristeller, Paul Oskar, Renaissance Thought II. Papers on Humanism and the Arts (New York 1965) 5–6Google Scholar, reprinted in Renaissance Thought and the Arts (Princeton 1990) 5–6.
41 Bolgar, The Classical Heritage and its Beneficiaries, 375.
42 Ibidem, 506–541. The 12 Greek authors are: Aristotle, Euripides, Galen, Hippocrates, Homer, Isocrates, Josephus, Lucian, Plato, Plutarch, Sophocles and Xenophon. The 10 Latin authors are: Boethius, Caesar, Cicero, Horace, Livy, Ovid, Seneca, Tacitus, Terence and Virgil.
43 On the basis of European Americana I, 1493–1600, we have counted 96 editions of works by Anghiera, Acosta, Cieza de León, Cortés, Oviedo, Lòpez de Gómara and Zárate.
44 The passage occurs in an appendix of the first Spanish translation of Bataillon's doctoral thesis Erasme et l'Espagne (Paris 1937): Erasmo y Espa˜ a (Mexico City 1950) 817.