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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 22 June 2011
1 A letter to George Arnold Escher on June 7 1884. This letter is not included in the book, but is quoted by Gasteren, Van in ‘Hydraulic Engineers in Japan’ in Blussé, L., Remmelink, W., and Smits, Ivo, eds, Bridging the Divide: 400 Years The Netherlands-Japan (Leiden, 2000), 185.Google Scholar
2 Figure from Noboru, Umetani, The Role of Foreign Employees in the Meiji Era in Japan (Tokyo, 1967), 72–73. According to Umetani's figures, a total of 6,993 foreign engineers were hired from 1872 to 1898, with a shift from government to private industry.Google Scholar