No CrossRef data available.
Article contents
IL RIPENSAMENTO DEL WELFARE STATE IN GERMANIA E NEGLI STATI UNITI
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 17 July 2018
Introduzione
Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.
L'età dell'oro del welfare state sembra essersi conclusa. I cambiamenti demografici e l'intensificarsi della competizione internazionale in un'epoca di globalizzazione hanno messo a dura prova i sistemi di welfare. Sebbene non vi siano indicazioni di un rifiuto generale dello stato sociale (welfare backlash) tra l'opinione pubblica occidentale, gli elettori spesso scelgono partiti neo-conservatori che promettono di tagliare i programmi sociali e ridurre le tasse. In questa nuova fase di stagnazione e ridimensionamento dello stato sociale, la questione di quali fattori determinino la vulnerabilità di particolari programmi o espongano alcuni sistemi di welfare state a una politica di tagli ha assunto un ruolo centrale nel dibattito accademico.
Summary
The question of which factors shape the development of social programs in the phase of retrenchment has moved to the fore of scholarly debates on the welfare state. Conventional wisdom held that the degree to which schemes withstand curtailments varies with the degree of universalism or middle class integration. An influential attack on this conventional wisdom by Paul Pierson argued that selective programs were the winners of the retrenchment phase, and that the degree of middle class integration does not explain programspecific trajectories. Departing from a critical review of his argument, the paper re-examines Pierson's claims. It shows that an examination of the extent to which conservative governments have realized their proclaimed policy goals does not provide an answer to the question of to which extent various groups of welfare beneficiaries weather the storm of retrenchment policies. By holding the degree of middle class integration constant, and comparing the development of selective programs in the United States and in Germany, the empirical analysis produces two major findings. First of all, the beneficiaries of selective programs cannot be considered winners of the retrenchment phase; secondly, there is a marked country-specific variation in the development of selective programs, as German poor relief recipients stood their grounds much better than their American counterparts. Theorizing about the proper conceptualization of welfare state retrenchment, the paper argues that program-specific trajectories are largely a function of the financing structure of the scheme which shape the fiscal interests of state élites. To what extent these interests translate into effective retrenchment hinges upon the coalition chances of public policy makers with collective actors who represent cost-control interests on the one side and need satisfaction interests on the other.
- Type
- Ricerche
- Information
- Italian Political Science Review / Rivista Italiana di Scienza Politica , Volume 27 , Issue 1 , April 1997 , pp. 49 - 99
- Copyright
- Copyright © Societ Italiana di Scienza Politica
References
Riferimenti bibliografici
Alber, J. (1981), Government Responses to the Challenge of Unemployment: The Development of Unemployment Insurance in Western Europe, in Flora e Heidenheimer, pp. 151–183.Google Scholar
Alber, J. (1988), The West German Welfare State in Transition, in Morris, R. (a cura di), Testing the Limits of Social Welfare. International Perspectives on Policy Changes in Nine Countries, Hanover-London, University Press of New England, pp. 96–134.Google Scholar
Alber, J. (1992), Residential Care for the Elderly, in «Journal of Health Politics, Policy and Law», vol. 17, n. 4, pp. 929–957.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Stark, D. (1995), A Framework for the Comparative Study of Social Services, in «Journal of European Social Policy», vol. 5, n. 2, pp. 131–149.Google Scholar
Atkinson, A.B. (1989), Poverty and Social Security, New York-London, Harvester Wheatsheaf.Google Scholar
Atkinson, A.B. e Micklewright, J. (1989), Turning the Screw: Benefits for the Unemployed, 1979-1988, in Atkinson (1989), pp. 125–157.Google Scholar
Bawden, L. e Palmer, J.L., (1984), Social Policy: Challenging the Welfare State, in Palmer e Sawhill (1984), pp. 177–215.Google Scholar
Borchert, J. (1995), Die konservative Transformation des Wohlfahrtsstaates. Großbritannien, Kanada, die Usa und Deutschland im Vergleich, Frankfurt-New York, Campus.Google Scholar
Borre, O.E. e Scarbrough, E. (a cura di) (1995), Beliefs in Government. The Scope of Government, III Volume, Oxford-New York, Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Bundesministerium für Arbeit und Sozialordnung (1995), Statistisches Taschenbuch 1995. Arbeits- und Sozialstatistik, Bonn.Google Scholar
Coughlin, R.M. (1980), Ideology, Public Opinion and Welfare Policy: Attitudes Toward Taxes and Spending in Industrialized Societies, Berkeley, Inst. of International Studies, University of California.Google Scholar
Dilnot, A. e Walker, A. (a cura di) (1989), The Economics of Social Security, Oxford, Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Edsall, T.B. e Edsall, M.D. (1992), Chain Reaction. The Impact of Race, Rights, and Taxes on American Politics, New York-London, Norton.Google Scholar
Esping-Andersen, G. (1990), The Three Worlds of Welfare Capitalism, Cambridge, Polity Press.Google Scholar
Flora, P. (1986), Wachstum zu Grenzen - Stabilisierung durch Wandel. Zur historischen Lage der entwickelten Wohlfahrtsstaaten Westeuropas, in Kaase, M. (a cura di), Politische Wissenschaft und politische Ordnung. Analysen zu Theorie und Empirie demokratischer Regierungsweise, Opladen, Westdeutscher Verlag, pp. 27–39.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Flora, P. e Heidenheimer, A.J. (a cura di) (1981),
The Development of Welfare States in Europe and America, New Brunswick-London, Transaction Books (trad. it.
Lo sviluppo del welfare state in Europa e in America, Bologna, il Mulino, 1983).Google Scholar
Goodin, R.E. e Le Grand, J. (a cura di) (1987), Not Only the Poor. The Middle Classes and the Welfare State, London, Allen & Unwin.Google Scholar
Hanson, R.L. (1987), The Expansion and Contraction of the American Welfare State, in Goodin e Le Grand, pp. 169–199.Google Scholar
Heclo, H. (1974), Modern Social Politics in Britain and Sweden. From Relief to Income Maintenance, New Haven-London, Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Hirschman, A.O. (1970),
Exit, Voice and Loyalty. Responses to Declines in Firms, Organizations and States, Cambridge, Mass.-London, Harvard University Press (trad. it.
Lealtà, defezione e protesta, Milano, Bompiani, 1982).Google Scholar
Klein, R. (1981), Values, Power and Policies, in Oecd, The Welfare State in Crisis, Paris, pp. 166–178.Google Scholar
Korpi, W. (1978), The Working Class in Welfare Capitalism. Work, Unions and Politics in Sweden, London-Henley-Boston, Rutledge & Kegan Paul.Google Scholar
Le Grand, J. e Winter, D. (1987), The Middle Classes and the Defense of the British Welfare State, in Goodin e Le Grand, pp. 169–199.Google Scholar
Marmor, T.M., Mashaw, J.L. e Harvey, P.L. (1990), America's Misunderstood Welfare State. Persistei Myths, Enduring Realities, New York, Basic Books.Google Scholar
Morris, R. (a cura di) (1988), Testing the Limits of Social Welfare. International Perspectives on Policy Changes in Nine Countries, Hanover-London, University Press of New England.Google Scholar
O'Connor, J. (1973), The Fiscal Crisis of the State, New York, St. Martin's Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Offe, C. (1972), Politische Herrshaft und Klassenstrukturen. Zur Analyse spätkapitalisticher Gesellschaftssysteme, in Kress, G. e Senghas, D. (a cura di), Politikwissenschaft, Frankfurt, Europäische Verlangsanstalt, pp. 135–164.Google Scholar
Orloff, A.S. (1993), The Politics of Pensions. A Comparative Analysis of Britain, Canada, and the United States, 1880-1940, Madison-London, The University of Wisconsin Press.Google Scholar
Orloff, A.S. e Skocpol, T. (1984), Why Not Equal Protection? Explaining the Politics of Public Social Spending in Britain, 1900-1911, and the United States 1880s-1920, in «American Sociological Review», n. 49, pp. 726–750.Google Scholar
Palmer, J.L. e Sawhill, I.V. (a cura di) (1984), The Reagan Record. An Assessment of America's Changing Domestic Priorities, Cambridge, Mass., Ballinger.Google Scholar
Pierson, P. (1994), Dismantling the Welfare State? Reagan, Thatcher, and the Politics of Retrenchment, Cambridge-New York, Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Offe, C. (1995), Fragmented Welfare States: Federal Institutions and the Development of Social Policy, in «Governance», vol. 8, n. 4, pp. 449–478.Google Scholar
Offe, C. (1996), The New Politics of the Welfare State, in «World Politics», vol. 48, pp. 143–179.Google Scholar
Piven, F.F. e Cloward, R.A. (1988), Why Americans Don't Vote, New York, Pantheon Books.Google Scholar
Roller, E. (1992), Einstellungen der Bürger zum Wohlfahrtsstaat der Bundesrepublik Deutschland, Opladen, Westdeutscher Verlag.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ruggles, P. e O'Higgins, M. (1987), Retrenchment and the New Right: A Comparative Analysis of the Impacts of the Thatcher and Reagan Administration, in Esping-Andersen, G., Rein, M. e Rainwater, L. (a cura di), Stagnation and Renewal in Social Policy. The Rise and Fall of Policy Regimes, Armonk, N.Y., M.E. Sharpe, pp. 160–190.Google Scholar
Scholkopf, M. (1996), Altenpflegepolitik in Deutschland, University of Konstanz, mimeo.Google Scholar
Shapiro, R.Y. e Young, J.T. (1989), Public Opinion and the Welfare State: The United States in Comparative Prespective, in «Political Science Quarterly», vol. 104, n. 1, pp. 59–89.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Svallfors, S. (1993), Policy Regimes and Attitudes to Inequality: A Comparison of Three European Nations, in Boje, T.P. e Olsson Hort, S.E. (a cura di), Scandinavia in a New Europe, Oslo, Scandinavian University Press, pp. 87–133.Google Scholar
Taylor-Gooby, P. (1985a), Public Opinion, Ideology and State Welfare, London-Boston, Routledge & Kegan Paul.Google Scholar
Offe, C. (1985b), The Politics of Welfare: Public Attitudes and Behaviour, in Klein, R. e O'Higgins, M. (a cura di), The Future of Welfare, Oxford-New York, Basil Blackwell, pp. 72–91.Google Scholar
U.S. House of Representatives Committee on Ways and Means (1993), Overview of Entitlement Programs. 1993 Green Book Background Material and Data on Programs within the Jurisdiction of the Committee on Ways and Means, Washington, U.S. Government Printing Office.Google Scholar
U.S. House of Representatives Committee on Ways and Means (1994), Where your Money Goes. The 1994-1995 Green Book, Washington-London, Brassey's.Google Scholar
Walker, A., Alber, J. e Guillemard, A. (1993), Older People in Europe: Social and Economic Policies. The 1993 Report of the European Observatory, Brussels, Commission of the European Communities.Google Scholar
Wilensky, H. (1975), The Welfare State and Equality, Berkeley, University of California Press.Google Scholar
You have
Access