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Magna Carta and the Development of Modern International Law

Lionel Cohen Lecture 2015, Jerusalem, 23 November 2015

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  21 October 2016

Christopher Greenwood*
Affiliation:
Judge, International Court of Justice.
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Abstract

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Type
The 2015 Lionel Cohen Lecture
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press and The Faculty of Law, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem 2016 

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References

1 Boardman v Phipps [1967] 2 AC 46.

2 Jonathan Sumption, ‘Magna Carta: Then and Now’, Address to the Friends of the British Library, 9 March 2015, 1, https://www.supremecourt.uk/docs/speech-150309.pdf.

3 Lee, Simon, ‘Lord Denning, Magna Carta and Magnanimity’ (2015) 27 Denning Law Journal 106Google Scholar.

4 United States Declaration of Independence, 4 July 1776.

5 Charter of the United Nations, 24 October 1945, 1 UNTS XVI, preamble.

6 All quotations from Magna Carta are taken from the translations which appear in Arlidge, Anthony and Judge, Igor, Magna Carta Uncovered (Hart 2015)Google Scholar.

7 European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (entered into force 3 September 1953) 213 UNTS 222.

8 Arlidge and Judge (n 6) 59.

9 Rasul v Bush 124 S Ct 2686 (2004); Boumediene and Others v Bush 128 S Ct 2229 (2008).

10 (n 7).

11 Scott v Sandford 60 US 393 (1857).

12 Eliot, TS, Murder in the Cathedral (Harcourt Brace & Co 2014) 45Google Scholar.

13 Arlidge and Judge (n 6) xiv, Ch 15.

14 ibid xv, 103–04.

15 Lord Sumption (n 2).

16 Arlidge and Judge (n 6) 59.

17 Lord Sumption (n 2).

18 Introduction’ in Thorne, Samuel, The Great Charter: Four Essays on Magna Carta and the History of our Liberty (Pantheon Books 1965) viiiGoogle Scholar.

19 Igor Judge, ‘Magna Carta: Luck or Judgement’, Address to the Middle Temple, 19 February 2015, 12, http://www.middletemple.org.uk/sites/default/files/documents/about-us/i-judge-magna-carta.-luck-or-judgment.pdf.

20 Published as La Révolution Française et le Droit International Actuel’ (1989) 214 Recueil des cours 9Google Scholar.

21 Statute of the International Court of Justice (entered into force 24 October 1945) USTS 993, http://www.icj-cij.org/documents/index.php?p1=4&p2=2&p3=0.

22 Thirlway, Hugh, The Sources of International Law (Oxford University Press 2014) 5Google Scholar.

23 Francis Lieber, ‘Instructions for the Government of Armies of the United States in the Field’, promulgated as General Orders No 100 by President Lincoln, 24 April 1863, reprinted in Schindler, Dietrich and Toman, Jiří (eds), The Laws of Armed Conflicts: A Collection of Conventions, Resolutions and Other Documents (4th edn, Martinus Nijhoff 2004) 3 (Lieber Code)Google Scholar.

24 Greenwood, Christopher, ‘International Humanitarian Law (Laws of War)’ in Kalshoven, Frits (ed), The Centennial of the First International Peace Conference: Reports & Conclusions (Kluwer 2000) 161Google Scholar.

25 Geneva Convention (I) for the Amelioration of the Condition of the Wounded and Sick in Armed Forces in the Field (entered into force 21 October 1950) 75 UNTS 31; Geneva Convention (II) for the Amelioration of the Condition of the Wounded, Sick and Shipwrecked Members of Armed Forces at Sea (entered into force 21 October 1950) 75 UNTS 85; Geneva Convention (III) relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War (entered into force 21 October 1950) 75 UNTS 135; Geneva Convention (IV) relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War (entered into force 21 October 1950) 75 UNTS 287.

26 Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and relating to the Protection of Victims of International Armed Conflicts (entered into force 7 December 1978) 1125 UNTS 3 (Additional Protocol I); Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and relating to the Protection of Victims of Non-International Armed Conflicts (entered into force 7 December 1978) 1125 UNTS 609 (Additional Protocol II).

27 The ICRC study of customary humanitarian law is by Henckaerts, Jean-Marie and Doswald-Beck, Louise (eds), Customary International Humanitarian Law, Vol I: Rules (International Committee of the Red Cross and Cambridge University Press 2005, revised 2009)Google Scholar.

28 Doswald-Beck, Louise (ed), San Remo Manual on International Law Applicable to Armed Conflicts at Sea (Cambridge University Press 1995)Google Scholar.

29 United Nations Charter (n 5) art 13(1); UNGA Res 94(I) (11 December 1946), ‘Progressive Development of International Law and its Codification’, UN Doc A/RES/94(I).