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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 04 February 2015
If, as Thomas Flanagan has asserted, ‘the importance of John Mitchel's Jail journal to the tradition of Irish separatism has been underestimated’, the appearance of James Quinn's recent short biography of Mitchel is to be welcomed. Indeed, the remarkable thing is that Quinn's was the first book-length biography of Mitchel to be published since 1938. The biographical literature on Mitchel has veered between the hagiographic and the critical before settling, ultimately, into an apparent historiographical indifference. This essay examines Mitchel's biographies, his commemoration in periodical and ephemeral sources, and the development of the historiography of this most ardent republican, concluding that a renewed interest in Mitchel is timely.
1 Flanagan, Thomas ‘Literature in English’ in Vaughan, W.E. (ed.), A new history of Ireland v: Ireland under the Union, 1801–70 (Oxford, 1989), pp 482–522 Google Scholar at p. 509; Quinn, James John Mitchel (Dublin, 2008).Google Scholar
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4 McBride, , ‘Memory and national identity’, p. 36.Google Scholar
5 The Nation, 27 Mar. 1875; Dillon, , Life of John Mitchel i, 20,Google Scholar 22.
6 Freeman’s Journal, 22 Mar. 1875.
7 Freeman’s Journal, 22 Mar. 1875; The Nation, 27 Mar. 1875.
8 Freeman’s Journal, 22 Mar. 1875.
9 For example, Clarendon to Sir George Grey, 25 Mar. 1848 (Bodl., MS Clar. Dep. Irish vol. 2, f. 177).
10 McCarthy, Justin A history of our own times (4 vols, London, 1879), 2,Google Scholar 24, 28, 29, 37.
11 The Nation, 15 Apr. 1854; The Citizen, 6 May 1854.
12 William Smith O’Brien to Charles Gavan Duffy, 28 Nov. 1854 (N.L.I., William Smith O’Brien Papers, MS 2642/3489); Duffy to O’Brien, 2 Dec. 1854 (N.L.I., William Smith O’Brien Papers, MS 445/2877); McCarthy, , History of our own times, 2,Google Scholar 25, 24, 33, 34; McCarthy, Justin A history of our own times (London, 1890 ed.), p. 94.Google Scholar
13 William Dillon wrote that at the beginning of their professional association Mitchel probably never thought he would have serious political differences with Duffy: Dillon, , Life of John Mitchel, 1, 74–5,Google Scholar 84.
14 Duffy, Charles Gavan Four years of Irish history (Dublin, 1887 ed.), p. 209.Google Scholar First published in 1883.
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18 Clarendon to Lord John Russell, 31 May 1848 (Bodl., MS. Clar. Dep., Irish vol. 2, f. 274).
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21 Bannon, Life, inside covers.
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23 The Nation, 14 July 1866, a reprint of Mitchel’s ‘usual Paris letter to the New York Daily News, dated 10th July’.
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28 Dillon, , Life of John Mitchel, 2, 12,Google Scholar 13, 18.
29 Dillon, , Life of John Mitchel, 1, x, 8–9,Google Scholar 11, 14, 16, 261; ii, 24, 27, 39, 120, 122, 146–8, 192, 218, 196, 302–3. Elliott, Cf. Emmet, pp 65,Google Scholar 132–3.
30 Morash, Christopher ‘Making memories: the literature of the Irish famine’ in O’Sullivan, Patrick (ed.) The meaning of the famine (London, 1997), pp 40–55 Google Scholar at p. 50.
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32 O’Keeffe, Declan ‘A man for others and a beacon in the twilight: Matthew Russell, S.J. and the Irish Monthly’ in Studies, 99, no. 394 (Summer 2010), pp 1–8;Google Scholar Monthly, Irish 14 (Mar. 1886), pp 139,Google Scholar 145; xiv (Apr. 1886) pp 220–3; xiv (June 1886) pp 289–96; xvi (Aug. 1888), p. 463.
33 The Citizen, 12, 19, 26 Aug., 2, 9, 16 Sept. 1854.
34 Irish Monthly, xxxvi (July 1908) pp 361, 365.
35 McBride, , ‘Memory and national identity’, pp 32–3;Google Scholar The Citizen, 11 Mar. 1854; Daily Richmond Examiner, 13 Oct. 1864.
36 Irish Monthly, xxxviii (July 1910) pp 361, 363.
37 The Oxford companion to Irish literature, ed. Welch, Robert and Stewart, Bruce (Oxford, 1996), p. 263;Google Scholar Irish Book Lover, ii, no. 5 (Jan. 1911) p 89; vii, no. 4 (Nov. 1915) pp 57, 58, 74.
38 Irish Book Lover viii, no. 5 (Dec. 1915) pp 95–6; xiii, no. 3 (Oct. 1921), p. 43; Dillon, , Life of John Mitchel, 2, 246–7.Google Scholar
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40 Catholic Bulletin, iii (May 1913), p. 340.
41 An extract from the “Jail journal” of John Mitchel, prisoner in the hands of the British (Paris, undated) (N.L.I. ephemera collection); colour supplement to The Shamrock, Christmas 1885; supplement to the Irish Fireside, 9 Sept. 1885; Kickham, C.J. ‘The first felon’ in Catholic Bulletin, 3 (Aug. 1913), p. 694 Google Scholar [first published 1849]; Commemorative programme, ‘Celebration in honour of the centenary of the birth of John Mitchel’, 4 Nov. 1915 (N.L.I. ephemera collection).
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44 MacNeill, ‘Foreword’.
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46 Pearse, , ‘From a hermitage’, pp 169,Google Scholar 170.
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50 MacCall, , Irish Mitchel, pp 9,Google Scholar 24, 57, 58–9, 74, 326, 331, 334, 388–9.
51 Welch, and Stewart, , eds, Irish literature, p. 158;Google Scholar Dublin Magazine, xiv, no. I (Jan.-Mar. 1939), p 51; Irish Book Lover, xiii, no. 3 (Oct. 1921), pp 42–3; Dublin Magazine, x, no. 3 (July-Sept. 1935) pp 82–3; Ó Cathaoir, Brendan John Mitchel (Dublin, 1978), p. 26.Google Scholar
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54 Donnelly, J.S. jr, ‘The administration of relief, 1847–51’ in Vaughan, W.E. (ed.) A new history of Ireland v: Ireland under the union, 1801–70 (Oxford, 1989) pp 316–331.Google Scholar
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57 Quinn, , ‘John Mitchel and the rejection of the nineteenth century’, p. 92;Google Scholar Quinn, , John Mitchel, p. 89.Google Scholar
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