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A critical year for Dublin was 1685. It was the year that Charles II died and James II came to the throne. The twenty-five years of Charles II’s reign had brought stability, prosperity and expansion within a predominantly protestant framework. The death of Charles, the accession of his catholic brother James, and the recall of the great duke of Ormond appeared to mark the end of an era. It was a year of anxiety for protestants and of fluctuating hopes for catholics. It was a time of transition that was to be followed by the uninhibitedly partisan policy of Tyrconnell, by the Jacobite war, and by the protestant liberation after william’s victory at the Boyne.
1 Burials were as follows : 1682 . 2,263; 1683–4 . 2,154; 1686–7 . 2,284, (figures for two summer quarters). According to Petty there were 6,400 houses and 29,735 hearths in 1685; eight persons were reckoned to a house. Petty, , Econ. writings, 2. 496, 534, 588Google Scholar; Cal. anc. rec. Dublin, v. 610–12; willoughby, Observations on the bills of mortality (N.L.I., MS 911).
2 In 1660 poll-tax returns were 8,780, representing a population twice that number (Census of Ireland, c. 1659, p. 373).
3 Cal. anc. rec, Dublin, v 202.
4 Gomme’s map is in the Dartmouth collection at Greenwich; N.L.Í. has a photostat. Phillips’s map is in the Ormond collection in N.L.I. (MS 3137).
5 Cal. anc. rec. Dublin, v. 328.
6 N.L.L, MS 911, p. 19.
7 R.S.A.I. Jn., lxv- 34.
8 Cal. anc. rec. Dublin, v. 87, 261, 305.
9 Ibid., iv 53, Cal S.P. dom., ι6γι, pp. 383, 388, 400.
10 Monday book, pp. 150-1 (Gilbert MSS, Pearse St).
11 Cal. anc. rec. Dublin, v 351; Cal. S.P. dom., 1684–5, p. 3°5.
12 Gilbert, , Hist, of Dublin, 2. 117, 310, 321Google Scholar; iii. i8, 184: Ch. Ch. MSS.
13 N.L.L, MS 911, p. 26.
14 Clarendon corr., i. 368; ii. 141, 150.
15 Ibid., i. 403; Story, Impartial history, p. 91
16 Tanner letters, p. 485; N.L.I. Sarsfield papers.
17 B.M., Eg. MS 77.
18 Ir. stat., iii. 205–12.
19 J D. La Touche, Register of French conformed churches in Dublin.
20 N.L.L, MS 7795,. A letter from a gentleman in Ireland, 1677; Goodbody, O., ‘Anthony Sharp’ in Dublin Hist. Rec, 14 12–19.Google Scholar
21 Clarendon corr., i. 321, 528; Leask, A.K., ‘History of tapestry-making’ in R.S.A.I. Jn., 58. 91.Google Scholar
22 Petty, op. cit., ii. 498; B.M., Add. MS 28053, f. 386.
23 Phillips, G., The interest of England in the trade of Ireland, 1689, p. 22.Google Scholar
24 Political arithmetic, 1685/6, by Sir W.P (P.R.O., S.P Ire. 63/351, ff- 3l9–20)l this does not appear among Petty’s published writings.
25 Nef, J.U., Rise of the English coal industry, 1. 71, 392Google Scholar; Cal. S.Ρ dom., 1685, p. 112. Detailed figures for exports and imports of the chief Irish ports for 1683-6 are in B.M., Add. MS 4759. I am grateful to Dr L. M. Cullen for drawing my attention to this MS and for supplying further information on the trade of Dublin.
26 Harper, L.A., The English navigation laws, p. 397 Google Scholar; the acts were 22 and 23 Charles II, c. 26 and 1 James II, c. 17.
27 Essex letters, i. 294; Barbour, V., ‘Dutch and English merchant shipping in the seventeenth century’ in Econ. Hist. Rev., 2. 276.Google Scholar
28 Cal. S.P dom.,1671, p. 479; ibid., 1676–7, pp. 58–9.
29 Ibid., 1685, pp. 364–5.
30 Petty, op. cit., i. 143; Clarendon corr., ii. 47.
31 Cal. anc. rec. Dublin, v. xxxiiL
32 P.R.O.L, MS M 2549.
33 Cal. anc. rec. Dublin, iv 413, 461–2; v. 345, 490; Observations of Thomas Dingley (N.L.I., MS 392); Berry, H.F, ‘The water supply of ancient Dublin’ in R.S.A.I. Jn., 21. 557–73.Google Scholar
34 Cal anc. rec. Dublin, iv 493, 504; v. 32, 205, 207, 252–3, 357.
35 Widdess, J.D.H., History of the Royal College of Physicians of Ireland, pp. 1–32.Google Scholar
36 Webbe, J.J., Guilds of Dublin; Cal S.P. dorm., 1677–8, p. 451.Google Scholar
37 Gilbert, op. cit., i. 53, 157; Cal. S.P. dom., 1682, p. 621; Cal. anc. rec. Dublin, v. 212, 321; Petty, op. cit., i. 146.
38 Clarendon corr., i. 256.
39 Quin, C., ‘MS… for John Hail’, in Hermathena, 53. 127 Google Scholar
40 Stubbs, , History of the University of Dublin, p. 114, T.G.D, Muniment Room MSS and Registers,Google Scholar
41 Lawlor, , Fasti of St Patrick’s, p. 254 Google Scholar; Falkiner, F R., Foundation . . of Charles II, p. 70 Google Scholar; McNeill, C., Tanner letters, p. 496.Google Scholar
42 Cal. anc. rec. Dublin, v. 462.
48 Minutes and register of the Philosophical Society (B.M., Add. MS 4811).
44 N.L.I, has many of the issues for 1685.
45 Maddison, R.E., ‘Robert Boyle and the Irish bible’ in John Rylands Library Bull, 61. 80–101 (1958).Google Scholar
46 R.S.A.I. Jn., xl. 229; lxv. 49–72; Mason, , History of St Patrick’s, p. 202.Google Scholar
47 Ch. Ch. MSS; R.S.A.I. Jn., xl. 155–9; Petty, op. cit., i. 164.
48 Clarendon corr., i. 407.
49 Cal. S.P. dom., 1679–80, pp. 18, 113.
50 Rene han’s collections on Ir. church hist., i. 229–30; Moran, , Spicil. Oss., 2. 270.Google Scholar
51 Donnelly, N., Short hist, of Dublin parishes, 2. 32 Google Scholar; Renehan, , i. 231 ; Clarendon corr., 1. 395.Google Scholar
52 H. M. C. Ormonde MSS, N.S., vii. 314.
53 Ibid., p. 315.
54 Witherow, T., Historical and literary memorials of presbyterians in Ireland, 1. 60, 81, 127Google Scholar; Records of presbyterian church.
55 Rutty, J., Rise… of quakers, pp. 149–50Google Scholar; information supplied by Mrs. O. Goodbody
56 Cal. S.P. dom., 1685, p. 375.