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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 21 March 2016
Demarcated to the north by the Shannon and its estuary and to the south by the Kenmare river and the Caha mountains, the south-western territories of Kerry and Desmond provide a microcosm of the tensions and interactions characteristic of early modern Ireland. Although historically divided into roughly two corresponding halves representing the outcome of thirteenth-century Gaelic/Anglo-Norman conflict, the area approximating to the modern administrative division of Kerry was defined by Gaelic cultural ascendancy and by the similar (though differing in scale) seigneurial ambitions of successive Fitzgerald and MacCarthy magnates. Significantly, a territorial division configured along ethnic lines was not replicated at a cultural level, where a remarkable level of homogeneity prevailed in terms of the currency of Gaelic language and literature. However, the defeat and execution of the fourteenth earl of Desmond and the distribution of his lands among English settlers under the auspices of the government-sponsored Munster plantation inaugurated profound political, social and religious turmoil in the province. In Kerry, also, consolidation of the New English military, social and legal presence in the wake of the redistribution of the earl of Desmond’s lands precipitated levels of political and cultural dissonance unparalleled since the twelfth and thirteenth centuries.
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25 Cal. S.P. dom, 1586–88, pp 331, 533. For Herbert’s advocacy of the Protestant reform movement in Monmouthshire and his assessment of the challenges facing its progress there, see Cal. S.P. dom, 1581–90, p. 374. See also Heal, Felicity, ‘Mediating the word: language and dialects in the British and Irish reformations’ in Jn. Ecc. Hist., lvi (2005), p. 278.Google Scholar
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32 MacCarthy-Morrogh, Munster plantation, pp 190–4, 246; Edwards, David, ‘A haven of popery: English Catholic migration to Ireland in the age of plantations’ in Ford, Alan and McCafferty, John (eds), The origins of sectarianism in early modern Ireland (Cambridge, 2005), pp 95–126.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
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39 Cal. S.P. Ire., 1586–8, pp 568–74; ibid., 1588–92, pp 90–1, 189–92, 210, 221–2; Herbert correspondence, ed. Smith, W. J. (I.M.C., Dublin, 1963), p. 62Google Scholar. Brendan Bradshaw has argued for Herbert’s rational moderate civic humanism in the Irish context in ‘Robe and sword in the conquest of Ireland’ in Cross, Claireet al. (eds), Law and government under the Tudors (Cambridge, 1988), pp 139-62CrossRefGoogle Scholar. In contrast, Brady has proposed that Herbert’s suggested policies for Ireland were informed by a complex and occasionally contingent interweaving of humanism and colonial theory: ‘New English ideology in Ireland’, p. 104.
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44 N.L.I., MS 7861, f. 175v; N.A.I., M.5037, p. 14.
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96 Ibid., p. 30.
97 Ibid., pp 48–9,11. 25–44.
98 Ibid., pp 49–50,11. 49–64.
99 Ibid., pp 50–1,11. 69–100.
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108 Ibid., pp 107–9.
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