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An Historiographical Survey
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 28 July 2016
Like most historical subjects the question of the expansion has suffered both from an over-enthusiastic and too uncritical an approach and from an unduly sceptical and hypercritical attitude towards the sources of information. And both attitudes are visible from the very beginning of interest in the subject.
1 Part I appeared in no. II (March 1943).
2 Epistola ad Eahfridem, ed. R. Ehwald (Mon. Ger. Hist., Auct. antiq., xv), p. 492; Migne, Patrologia latina, lxxxix, col. 94; Ussher, ‘Epist. Hib. sylloge ‘, epist. xiii, in The whole works of James Ussher, ed. Elrington and Todd (Dublin, 1847–64), iv, 448–52; cf. article ‘Aldhelm', in Dictionnaire d'histoire et de géographie ecclésiastiques, ii, col. 53.
3 Denique vidimus, quibusdam a serpente percussis, rasa folia codicum, qui de Hibernia fuerant, et ipsam rasuram aquae inmissam ac potui datam, talibus protinus totam vim veneni grassantis, totum inflati corporis absumsisse ac sedasse tumorem. Hist. ecc., lib. i, cap. I, ed. C. Plummer, Oxford, 1896, i. 13).
1 Ed. M. Pertz (Mon. Ger. Hist., Scriptores, ii), pp. 731–63.
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6 Ireland and the making of Britain (New York, 1922) ; Ireland and the foundations of Europe (New York, 1927).
7 This writer has written some delightful books and articles of a popular character under the pen-name A. O'Flanders : Erin (Nieuport, 1922) ; De ziel van Ierland (Tielt, 1929) ; lersche legenden (Tongerloo, 1931) ; De vuurtoren van Erin (Tielt, 1934); Tongerloo en Ste Dimfna, of de eeuwenoude eeredienst in de Abdij van Tongerloo van de lersche Maagd en Martelares Ste Dimfna (Turnhout, 1936).
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1 Cf. Kenney, , Sources, i. 429-33.Google Scholar
2 The origins of Christianity in Aberdeenshire (2nd ed., Aberdeen, 1925) ; The historical St Columba (2nd ed., Aberdeen, 1927) ; The Celtic church in Scotland (Aberdeen, 1935 ; Aberdeen University Studies, no. in); ‘ Some thoughts on the Celtic church in Scotland ‘, in Scot. Gaelic St., v (1942). 169–82.
1 Delehaye, H., Les légendes hagiographiques (3rd ed., Brussels, 1927)Google Scholar; Cinq leçons sur la méthode hagiographique (Brussels, 1934).
2 Étude critique et littéraire sur les vitae des saints mérovingiens de l'ancienne Belgique (Louvain and Paris, 1907) ; see especially pp. 82 ff.
3 Irène Snieders, ‘ L'influence de l'hagiographie irlandaise sur les vitae des saints irlandais de Belgique ‘, in Rev. Hist. Ecc, xxiv (1928). 596–627, 827–68.
1 Chronicles and annals: a brief outline of their origin and growth (Oxford, 1926).
2 'An Irish historical tract dated A.D. 721 ‘, in R.I.A. Proc, xxviii (1910) ; ‘ The authorship and structure of the annals of Tigernach', in Ériu, vii (1914). 30 ff.; Phases of Irish history (Dublin, 1919), pp. 178 ff.; Celtic Ireland (Dublin, 1921), passim ; see also his preface, ‘ The sources and structure', in the The Annals of Inisfalien (Dublin, 1933), pp. 26–9.
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5 Ibid., iv (1944). 38–57.
6 Cf. Binchy, D., ‘ The Irish Benedictine congregation in medieval Germany', in Studies, xviii (1929). 194 ff.Google Scholar
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4 See p. 133, note 5 above, and add : Pelagius in Irland (Berlin, 1901).
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8 Learning in Ireland in the fifth century and the transmission of letters (Dublin, 1913).
9 ’ Hiberno-Latin manuscripts in the libraries of Switzerland ‘, in R.I.A Proc., xxviii (1910), sect, c, pp. 62–95, xxx (1912). 1–14; ‘ Latin writers of medieval Ireland', in Hermathena, no. 14 (1907), pp. 519 ff., 15 (1909), pp. 353 ff., 16 (1910), pp. 58 ff., 325 ff. (cf. Ir. Theol. Quart., iv (1909). 181 ff.; ‘ The knowledge of Greek in Ireland during the middle ages', in Studies, i (1812). 665–83 ; 'On the earliest Latin life of St Brigid of Kildare ‘ (R.I.A. Proc, xxx (1912), sect, c, pp. 307–26) ; ‘ Notes on Hiberno-Latin manuscripts in Belgian libraries ‘, in Archiv. Hib., iii (1914). 203–9) ; ‘ An Irish teacher at the Carolingian court: Dicuil', in Studies, iii (1914). 651–76 ; ‘ The sources of Conchubranus’ Life of St Monenna ‘, in E.H.R., xxxv (1920). 71–8 ; ‘ A seventh-century commentary on the catholic epistles', in Fn. Theol. St., xxi (1920). 316–18;’ Notes on Latin learning and literature in mediaeval Ireland ‘, in Hermathena, no. 45 (1930), pp. 225–60, no. 47 (1932), pp. 253–71, no. 48 (1933), pp. 221–49, no. 49 (1935), PP. 120–65, no. 50; (1937), pp. 139–83 ; ‘ The poems of Colmanus nepos Cracavist’ and Dungalus ’ praecipuus Scottorum ‘, in Jn. Theol. St., xxxiii (1932). 113-31
10 Graham, Hugh, The early Irish monastic schools (Dublin, 1923).Google Scholar
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4 Laistner, M. L. W, Thought and letters in western Europe, A.D. 500 to 900 (London, 1931).Google Scholar
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1 Epistola ad Eahfridum, as above,p. 131, n. 2; Ussher, Works,iv. 451 i; Cappuyns, p. 24.
1 Works, iv. 448, n. b.
2 Venerabilis Baedae opera historica, i, pp. liii–liv ; ii. 196–7
3 Christianity in Celtic lands, p. 248, n. 3.
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5 Hist, ecc, lib. iii, cap. 27.
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8 Ibid., pp. 153, 248.
1 See P Moncelle, article ‘ Alcuin ‘, in Dictionnaire d'histoire et de géographie ecclésiastiques, ii, col. 30–40.
2 Cf. Mon. Ger. Hist., Epistolae, iv (1895), pp. 437–8.
3 Jean Scot, pp. 25–6.
4 See, in addition to the works already mentioned, Hellmann, S., Sedulius Scottus (Munich, 1906), pp. 99–104 Google Scholar; Ryan, John, Irish monasticism (Dublin, 1931), pp. 382 ff.Google Scholar; Taylor, H. O., The mediaeval mind: a history of the development of thought and emotion in the middle ages (New York, 1919), i. 180 Google Scholar ; H. Leclercq, article ‘ Irlande ‘ in Dictionnaire d'archéologie et de liturgie, vii, col. 1511.
1 See Antiq. Jn., xiii (1933). 476.
2 Jean Scot, pp. 141, 384: ‘ Si par certains côtes Jean Scot appartient à la génération d'un Loup de Ferrières, d'un Ratramne de Corbie ; par d'autres, au contraire, il apparaît comme un grand isolè'
3 See above, p. 137; also Steinacker, H., ‘Die römische Kirche und die griechischen Sprachkentnisse des Frühmittelalters', in Festschrift Th. Gompertz (Vienna, 1902), pp. 324–41Google Scholar; Dräseke, J., ‘ Maximus confessor und Johannes Scotus Erigena', in Theologische Studien und Kritiken, lxxxiv (1911). 22–5Google Scholar; Thèry, G., ‘ Scot Érigène traducteur de Denys', in Bull. Du Cange, vi (1931). 202–12.Google Scholar
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5 A history of classical scholarship from the sixth century to the end of the middle ages (3rd ed., Cambridge, 1921).
6 See above, p. 137, n. 5.
1 The long series of descriptive catalogues of manuscript collections published by James between 1895 and 1932 contains many incidental references of great value for the critical study of expansionist literature.
2 Founders of the middle ages (Cambridge (Mass.), 1928).
3 A history of Christian Latin poetry (Oxford, 1927).
4 A history of secular Latin poetry in the middle ages (Oxford, 1934).
5 ’ La littérature latine du moyen âge : quelques questions à propos de son histoire ‘, in Les études classiques, vii (1938). 492–513.
6 Littérature latine au moyen âge (Paris, 1939). T i : Depuis les origines jusqu'à la fin de la renaissance carolingienne; t. ii : De la renaissance carolingienne à saint Anselme.
1 See especially, t. i. 29 ff.; 92 ff.; 108 ff.; t. ii. 9 ff.; 168 ff.
2 Einführung in das Mittellatein (Berlin, 1929), trans. P van de Woestijne, Introduction à l'étude du latin médiéval (Ghent, 1933).
3 Handschriften antiker Autoren in mittelalterlichen Bibliothekskatalogen (Leipzig, 1935).
1 De propagatione fidei Christianae in Belgio per sanctos ex Hibernia viros (Louvain, 1639).
2 See for instance vol. ii. 106 ff., 261 ff., 431–94 ; iii. 73–142, 157–65, 255 ff., 280 ff.
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4 Hauswirth, E., Abriss einer Geschichte der Benedictinerabtei U.L.F zu den Schotten in Wien (Vienna, 1858)Google Scholar; Urkunden der Benedictinerabtei U.L.F zu den Schotten in Wien, 1158-1418 (Vienna, 1859, Fontes rerum austriacarum, 2 Abteil., xviii).
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1 Binchy, D., ‘ The Irish Benedictine congregation in medieval Germany ‘, in Studies, xviii (1929). 193 ff.Google Scholar
2 Hogan, J. H., ‘The Irish monasteries of Ratisbon', in I.E.R., xv (1894). 1015-29Google Scholar ; articles on figures of the expansion and Irish activity on the continent by Mgr Hogan will be found in I.E.R., series 1, xi. 385-98, xiii. 961–78, xiv. 58–77, 192–213, 385–96, 577–89, 1057–73, xv. 35–54; series 3, xv. 289–301, 403–17, 673–81 ; series 4, xvii. 403–16, iii. 536–93, iv. 265–9, x“ 481–, xiii. 406–17, xxi. 507–17
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2 ’ Perrona scottorum: ein Beitrag zur Ueberlieferungsgeschichte und zur Palaeographie des Mittelalters', in Sitzungsberichte der philosophisch-philologischen und historischen Classe der kgl. bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, 1900, pp. 469–538, also reprinted in Vorlesungen und Abhandlungen, herausg. von F. Boll, vols i–iii (Munich, 1909–20); ‘ Palaeographische Forschungen, V : Autographa des Iohannes Scottus', in Abhandlungen der kgl. Bayerischen Akademie der Wissen-schaften, Phil, und hist. Kl., vol. xxvi (Munich, 1912) ; in the same Abhandlungen Traube had previously published ‘ O Roma nobilis: Philologische Untersuchungen aus dem Mittelalter ‘, xix (1892). 299-395 ; he edited Iohannis Scotti carmina (Mon. Ger. Hist. Poetae Lat., iii), pp. 518-53 (Berlin, 1896).
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1 Cf. Iohannis Scotti annotationes in Marcianum, ed. by Cora E. Lutz (Cambridge (Mass.), 1939, Medieval Academy of America publications, no. 34); Coulter, Cornelia C., ‘ The date of John the Scot's annotationes in Marcianum', in Speculum, xvi (1941). 487.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
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1 ’ Les origines de 1'exemption des religieux ‘, in Revue de V Université d'Ottawa, vii (1937). 5–31, 226–38.
2 Étude sur les privilèges d'exemptions et de jurisdiction ecclesiastiques des abbayei normandes depuis les origines jusqu'en 1140 (Archives de la France monastiques, vol. xxxiii, 1937).
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3 T P McLaughlin, Le très ancien droit monastique de I'Occident (Archives de la France monastique, xxxviii, Paris, 1925).
4 Christianity, pp. 283 ff.
6 Sources, i. 235–50.
1 Le péché et la pénitence (Bibliothèque catholique des sciences religieuses, vol. xxii, Paris, 1929) ; L'église et la rémission des péchés aux premiers siècles (Paris, 1932); ’ A propos de la pénitence primitive : méthodes et conclusions', in Rev. Hist. Ecc, xxx (1934), 517–57, 797–846 ‘ Pénitents et “ convertis “ : de la pénitence latine à la pénitence celtique ‘, ibid., xxxiii (1937). 5–26, 278–305 ; see also the article of Aman, É.,’ Pénitence-repentir ‘, in Dictionnaire de théologie catholique, xii (1933), col. 722–948 Google Scholar and ‘ Pénitentiels', by G Le Bras in the same Dictionnaire, xii, col. 1160–79.
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1 ’ Scots on the continent', in Remains, ed. by A. P. Forbes (Oxford and London, 1876), pp. 258–94.
2 ‘ Læuvre des “ scotti “ dans l'Europe continentale ‘, in Rev. Hist. Ecc, ix (1908). 21–37, 255–77
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2 ’ Die Iren auf dem Kontinent im Mittelalter \ in Hochland, xiii (1915-16), pp. 605–14.
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4 It is explicitly stated in the ‘ General instructions’ given to the writers that the book was’ to supply the want of an authoritative work to which appeal can be made by those who may be called upon to explain or to defend the church's position as a national institution deep-rooted in the past history of Ireland.The book is thus intended as a measure of defence against hostile propaganda ‘Such a preconceived plan deprived the collaborators of all freedom of enquiry.
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1 Sources, i. 184–5.
2 Christianity, p. 158.
3 A. Pedemonte, ‘ S. Frediano ‘, in Bolletino storico Lucchese, ix (1937), no. 1 ; ’ L'antico catalogo dei vescovi di Lucca ‘, ibid., x (1938), n. 2 ; see also Guerra, A., Compendio di storia ecclesiastica Lucchese (Lucca, 1924), pp. 46 ff., 35 ff.Google Scholar
4 Histoire de l'Éiglise depuis les origines jusqu''à nos jours, vols i-vi (Paris, 1936-8).
5 See vol. v, Grégoire le Grand, les États barbares et la conqêite arabe, by Louis Bréhier and René Aigrain (Paris, 1938), pp. 590–757 ; also pp. 301 ff., 511 ff.; vol. vi, L'époque carolingienne, by Émile Amann (Paris, 1937), has interest for the Irish student from p. 71 ff.
1 Cf. 511 ff.
2 Kirsch, J. P, Kirchengeschichte (Freiburg, 1930).Google Scholar
3 Josef Greven, Die Geschichte der Kirche vom 8 bis 13 Jahrhundert.
4 Die Kirche in der antiken grieschisch-romischen Kulturwelt, pp. 612–765.