Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-gxg78 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-25T08:12:52.785Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

A Unique Drachm Coin of Shapur I

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 January 2022

Muhammet Yücel
Muhammet Yücel*
Affiliation:
The Department of History at Muş Alparslan University, The Department of Ancient History at Istanbul University
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

The Sasanian king Shapur I held a ten year series of campaigns against the Roman Empire. Returning to Iran after these campaigns, in order to immortalize his victories he built a series of reliefs and gave broad information in his famous work, Ka’be-ye Zardosht. However, the term he used to define himself in these articles, “King of Kings of Iranians and non-Iranians,” was not used on coins, which has become a subject of discussion. This work aims to clarify such arguments based on a unique drachm belonging to Shapur I which is present in the Elazig Museum of Archaeology and Ethnography.

Type
Articles
Information
Iranian Studies , Volume 50 , Issue 3 , May 2017 , pp. 331 - 344
Copyright
Copyright © Association For Iranian Studies, Inc 2017

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Footnotes

This study was supported by the Istanbul University Research Fund (BAP) under Project [52846]. Muhammet Yücel would like to thank Rika Gyselen and the anonymous reviewers for their guidance, detailed feedback and suggestions on this paper.

References

Alram, Michael. “Early Sasanian Coinage.” In vol. III of The Idea of Iran: The Sasanian Era, edited by Sarkhosh-Curtis, Vesta and Stewart, Sarah, 17–30. London: I. B. Tauris, 2008.Google Scholar
Alram, Michael, and Gyselen, Rika. Sylloge Nummorum Sasanidarum, 1: Ardashir I–Shapur I. Vienna: Verlag der Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, 2003.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Alram, Michael, Blet-Lemarquand, M., and Skjærvø, P. O. “Shapur, King of Kings of Iranians and non-Iranians.” In Res Orientales XVII: Des Indo-Grecs aux Sassanides: Donnees Pour L’histoire et la Geographie Historique, 11–40. Bures-sur-Yvette: Groupe pour l’Étude de la Civilisation du Moyen-Orient, 2007.Google Scholar
Ball, Warwick. Rome in the East: the Transformation of an Empire. London: Routledge, 2000.Google Scholar
Back, Michael. Die Sassanidischen Staatsinschriften: Studien zur Orthographie und Phonologie des Mittelpersischen der Inschriften zusammen mit einem etymologischen Index des mittelpersischen Wortgutes und einem Textcorpus der behandelten Inschriften [The Sasanian Inscriptions: studies on the orthography and phonology of the middle Persian inscriptions with an etymological index of the Middle Persian vocabulary list and a text corpus of the inscriptions] [Acta Iranica 18]. Leiden: E. J. Brill-Bibliothèque Pahlavi, 1978.Google Scholar
Blömer, Michael, and Winter, Engelbert. “Das Zentralheiligtum des Lupiter Dolichenus auf dem Dülük Baba Tepesi Bei Doliche—Forschungen des Jahres 2007” [The central sanctuary of the Lupiter Doliche on the Dülük Baba Tepesi at Doliche—researches of the year 2007]. 30. Kazı Sonuçları Toplantısı C. I., Ankara (2008): 67–84.Google Scholar
Canepa, Matthew P. The Two Eyes of the Earth: Art and Ritual of Kingship between Rome and Sasanian Iran. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2009.Google Scholar
Christensen, Arthur. “Sassanid Persia.” In The Cambridge Ancient History, Volume XII: The Imperial Crisis and Recovery (A.D. 193–324), edited by Stanley Arthur Cook, Frank Ezra Adcock, Martin Percival Charlesworth, and Norman Hepburn Baynes, 109–137. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1939.Google Scholar
Daryaee, Touraj. Sasanian Persia: The Rise and Fall of an Empire. London: I. B. Tauris, 2009.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Frye, Richard N. The History of Ancient Iran. Munich: C. H. Beck’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, 1984.Google Scholar
Gariboldi, Andrea. Sasanian Coinage and History: The Civic Numismatic Collection of Milan. Costa Mesa-California: Mazda Publishers, 2010.Google Scholar
Göbl, Robert. “Neufunde sasanidischer Reichsmünzen” [Newfound Sasanian coins]. Wiener Zeitschrift für die Kunde des Morgenlandes 53 (1957): 23–27.Google Scholar
Göbl, Robert. Sasanian Numismatics. Translated by Severin, Paul. Braunschweig: Klinkhardt and Biermann, 1971.Google Scholar
Göbl, Robert. “Sasanian Coins.” In vol. 3(1) of The Cambridge History of Iran, edited by Yarshater, Ehsan, 322–339. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1983.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Herrmann, Georgina. “The Rock Reliefs of Sasanian Iran.” In Mesopotamya and Iran in the Parthian and Sasanian Periods: Rejection and Revival c. 238 BC–AD 642. Proceedings of a Seminar in Memory of V. G. Lukanin, edited by John, Curtis, 35–45. London: British Museum, 2000.Google Scholar
Huyse, Philip. Die dreisprachige Inschrift Šābuhrs I. an der Ka’ba-i Zardušt (ŠKZ) [The trilingual inscription of Šābuhrs I. at Ka'ba-i Zardušt]. 2 vols. London: Corpus Inscriptionum Iranicarum, III Pahlavi Inscriptions, 1999.Google Scholar
Huyse, Philip. “Die sasanidische Königstitulatur: Eine Gegenüberstellung der Quellen” [The Sasanid king statute: a comparison of the sources]. In (oriens et occidens 13) Ērān ud Anērān: Studien zu den Beziehungen zwischen dem Sasanidenreich und der Mittelmeerwelt, edited by Wiesehöfer, Josef and Huyse, Philip, 181–201. Stuttgart: Franz Steiner Verlag, 2006.Google Scholar
Kaya, M. A. “III. Gordianus’un Pers (= Sasanî) Seferi: Güzergâh” [The Persian campaign by Gordianus III: Route]. Tarih İncelemeleri Dergisi 20, no. 1 (2005): 157–167.Google Scholar
Luther, Andreas. “Roms mespotamische Provinzen nach der Gefangennahme Valerians (260).” [Mesopotamian provinces of Rome after the capture of Valerianus (260)]. In (oriens et occidens 13) Ērān ud Anērān: Studien zu den Beziehungen zwischen dem Sasanidenreich und der Mittelmeerwelt; Beiträge des Internationalen Colloquiums in Eutin, 8.–9. Juni 2000 , edited by Wiesehöfer, Josef, and Philip, Huyse, 203–220. Stuttgart: Franz Steiner Verlag, 2006.Google Scholar
MacKenzie, D. N. A Concise Pahlavi Dictionary. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1971.Google Scholar
Mackintosh, M. C. “Roman Influences on the Victory-relief of Shapur I of Persia.” California Studies in Classical Antiquity, no. 6 (1973): 181–203. doi: 10.2307/25010653CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mosig-Walburg, Karin. “Bisher nicht beachtete Münzen Šāpūrs I” [An unnoticed coin of Shapur I]. Boreas 3 (1980): 117–126.Google Scholar
Önal, Mehmet, Michael, Blömer, and Engelbert, Winter. “Das Zentralheiligtum Des Lupiter Dolichenus Auf Dem Dülük Baba Tepesi Bei Doliche—Forschungen Des Jahres 2006” [The central sanctuary of the Lupiter Doliche on the Dülük Baba Tepesi at Doliche—researches of the year 2006]. 29. Kazı Sonuçları Toplantısı C. 1 (2008): 371–384.Google Scholar
Özgen, Engin. “Gaziantep Kilis Bölgesi Höyük Yüzey Araştırmaları: Oylum Höyük” [Surface surveys of mound in Gaziantep Kilis Region: Oylum Höyük]. IV. Araştırma Sonuçları Toplantısı (1986): 239–248.Google Scholar
Panaino, Antonio. “The King and the Gods in the Sasanian Royal Ideology.” In vol. XVIII of Res Orientales: Res Orientales: Sources Pour L'Histoire et la Géographie du Monde Iranien (224–710), edited by Gyselen, Rika, 209–256. Bures-sur-Yvette: Groupe pour l’Étude de la Civilisation du Moyen-Orient, 2009.Google Scholar
Pfeiler, Ilona. “Drei Westliche Münzstätten Unter Sapur I. Anhand Zweier Funde” [Three west mints during Sapur I. based on two findings]. Schweizer Münzblätter 92 (1973): 129–145.Google Scholar
Soudavar, Abolala. “The Significance of Av. ČIΘRA, OP. ČIÇA, MP. ÇIHR, and NP. ÇEHR, for the Iranian Cosmogony of Light.” Iranica Antiqua XLI (2006): 151–185. doi: 10.2143/IA.41.0.2004766CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Soudavar, Abolala. “The Vocabulary Syntax of Iconography in Sasanian Iran.” Iranica Antiqua XLIV (2009): 417–460. doi: 10.2143/IA.44.0.2034385CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schindel, Nikolaus. Sylloge Nummorum Sasanidarum Paris Berlin Wein. Bd. III.1–2, Shapur II.—Kawad I./2. Regierung. Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, Philosophisch-Historische Klasse 325. Veröffentlichungen der Numismatischen Kommission 42. Vienna: Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, 2004.Google Scholar
Schippmann, Klaus. Grundzüge der Geschichte des Sasanidischen Reiches [Principles of the history of the Sasanid Empire]. Darmstadt: Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft, 1990.Google Scholar
Schneider, R. M. “Orientalism in Late Antiquity the Oriental in Imperial and Christian Imagery.” (Oriens et Occidens 13) Ērān ud Anērān: Studien zu den Beziehungen zwischen dem Sasanidenreich und der Mittelmeerwelt; Beiträge des Internationalen Colloquiums in Eutin, 8.–9. Juni 2000, edited by Wiesehöfer, Josef, and Huyse, Philip, 241–278. Stuttgart: Franz Steiner Verlag, 2006.Google Scholar
Shavarebi, Ehsan. “Some Remarks on a Newly-Discovered Coin Type of Shāpūr I.” Studia Iranica, no. 2 (2014): 281–290.Google Scholar
Wiesehöfer, Josef. Antik Pers Tarihi [Ancient Persia]. Translated by Mehmet Ali İnci. İstanbul: Telos Yayıncılık, 2003.Google Scholar
Yarlıgaş, Oğuz. “Legıo XV Apollinaris’in Doğu’daki Görevleri Ve Satala’ya Konuşlandırıldığı Tarih Üzerine” [The mission of Legıo XV Apollinaris in the east and on the history of deployment in Satala]. In Eskiçağ Yazıları, 10, edited by Çelgin, V. A., Akyürek Şahin, N. E., and Onur, F., 127–157. İstanbul: Arkeoloji ve Sanat Yayınları, 2016.Google Scholar
Zohrabyan, Armine. “An Exceptional Gold Coin of Shapur I.” e-Sasanika Series 7, <http://www.humanities.uci.edu/sasanika/pdf/e-sasanika7-zohrabyan.pdf> (24 May 2012) (2009).Google Scholar