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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 01 January 2022
IT is Not so Long Ago That the Period Between 1500 And 1800 Hardly figured in western scholarship on Iran. As recently as 1970 the number of book-length studies on aspects of Safavid Iran was limited to Lucien-Louis Bellan's study of Shah ᶜAbbas I, Walther Hinz's book on the rise of the Safavids in the fifteenth century, Ghulam Sarwar's study of Shah Ismaᶜil I, Vladimir Minorsky's edition of and commentary on the Tadhkirat al-Muluk, Laurence Lockhart's volume on the fall of the dynasty, and Klaus Michael Röhrborn's study of the Safavid administrative system. A number of precocious dissertations, most of them never published as books, completed the list at that time. The period between the fall of Isfahan in 1722 and the rise of the Qajars at the turn of the nineteenth century was even less well served, with the output amounting to little more than studies on Nader Shah by Lockhart, and M. R. Arunova and K. Z. Ashrafyan, respectively, and Mehdi Roschanzamir's thesis on the Zand dynasty.
1. See, in chronological order, Bellan, Lucien-Louis Chah ᶜAbbas I, sa vie, son histoire (Paris, 1932)Google Scholar; Hinz, Walther Irans Aufstieg zum Nationalstaat im fünfzehnten Jahrhundert (Berlin and Leipzig, 1936)CrossRefGoogle Scholar; Minorsky, Vladimir ed. and tr., Tadhkirat al-Mulūk: A Manual of Safavid Administration (Cambridge, 1943)Google Scholar; Lockhart, Laurence The Fall of the Safavi Dynasty and the Afghan Occupation of Persia (Cambridge, 1958)Google Scholar; Röhrborn, Klaus Michael Provinzen und Zentralgewalt Persiens im 16. und 17. Jahrhundert (Berlin, 1966)CrossRefGoogle Scholar. An early Indian contribution is Sarwar, Ghulam History of Shāh Ismāᶜīl Safawī (Aligarh, 1939).Google Scholar
2. These are, in chronological order, Bayani, K. Les relations de l'Iran avec l'Europe occidentale à l'époque Safavide (Portugal, Espagne, Angleterre, Hollande et France) (Paris, 1937)Google Scholar; Roemer, Hans R. Der Niedergang Irans nach dem Tode Ismaᶜils des Grausamen, 1577-1581 (Würzburg, 1939)Google Scholar; Dickson, M.B. Sháh Tahmásb and the Ozbeks (The Duel for Khurasán with ‘Ubayd Khán: 930-946/1524-1540 (Ph.D. diss., Princeton Univ., 1958)Google Scholar; Braun, Hellmut Das Erbe Schah ᶜAbbās I. Iran und seine Könige 1629-1694 (Diss. Phil, University of Hamburg, 1967)Google Scholar; Luft, Paul Iran unter Schah ᶜAbbas II (1642-1666) Diss. Phil., University of Göttingen, 1968)Google Scholar; Emerson, John Ex Oriente Lux: Some European Sources on the Economic Structure of Persia between about 1630 and 1690 (Ph.D. diss., Oxford Univ., 1969)Google Scholar; Ferrier, R.W. British-Persian Relations in the 17th Century (Ph.D. diss., Cambridge Univ., 1970)Google Scholar; and Glassen, Erika Die frühen Safawiden nach Qāzī Ahmad Qumī (Freiburg, 1970).Google Scholar
3. Lockhart, L. Nadir Shah: A Critical Study Based Mainly Upon Contemporary Sources (London, 1938)Google Scholar; Arunova, M. R. and Ashrafyan, K. Z. Gosudarstvo Nadir-Shakha Afshara: Ocherki obshchestvennykh otnoshenii v Irane 30—40-kh godov XVIII veka (Moscow, 1951)Google Scholar; Roschanzamir, Mehdi Die Zand-Dynastie (Hamburg, 1970).Google Scholar
4. The recent publication of two volumes on Safavid history, both the outcome of international conferences on the period, bears witness to this development. See Calmard, Jean ed., Etudes safavides (Paris/Tehran, 1993)Google Scholar, and Melville, Charles Safavid Persia: The History and Politics of an Islamic Society (London, 1996).Google Scholar
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6. Aside from his book, Röhrborn's contributions to Safavid administrative history include: “Regierung und Verwaltung Irans unter den Safawiden,” in Handbuch der Orientalistik, Part 1, vol. 6, section 5 (Leiden, 1968), 17-50Google Scholar; and “Staatskanzlei und Absolutismus im safawidischen Persien,” Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft 127 (1977): 313-43Google Scholar. Mention should also be made of Heribert Busse's studies, example of which are, Untersuchungen zum islamischen Kanzleiwesen an Hand turkmenischer und safawidischer Urkunden (Cairo, 1959)Google Scholar; and “Persische Diplomatik im Überblick. Ergebnisse und Probleme,” Der Islam 37 (1961): 202-45.Google Scholar
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8. See Mohammad Ebrahim ben Zayn al-ᶜAbedin Naseri, Dastur-e shahriyaran (salha-ye 1105 ta 1110 h.q. padeshahi-ye Shah Soltan Hosayn Safavi), ed. Naseri Moqaddam, Mohammad Nader (Tehran, 1373/1994).Google Scholar
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11. A substantial amount of new biographical information on Cornelis de Bruin can be found in a recent collection of articles dedicated to his life, travels, writings, and drawings. See especially de Hond, Jan ‘“Den vermaarden Cornelis de Bruijn.’ Een korte biografie,” in Drijvers, Jan Willem de Hond, Jan and Sancisi-Weerdenburg, Heleen eds., “Ik hadde de nieusgierigheid.” De reizen door het Nabije Oosten van Cornelis de Bruijn (ca. 1652-1727) (Leuven, 1997), 9-20.Google Scholar
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13. Speelman, Cornelis Journaal der reis van den gezant der O. I. Compagnie Joan Cumaeus naar Perzië in 1651-1652, ed. Hotz, A. (Amsterdam, 1908).Google Scholar