Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-g8jcs Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-28T00:58:40.311Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Hurufism: The Faḍlallāh Family, Children, and Testament

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 January 2022

Fatih Usluer Open the ORCID record for Fatih Usluer [Opens in a new window]
Fatih Usluer*
Affiliation:
Ankara University, École Pratique des Hautes Études-Paris
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

In Hurufi history, the identity of Faḍlallāh’s children is a controversial subject. Although the Hurufi writings provide information on Faḍlallāh Astarābādī, the information related to his family has been analyzed incorrectly. More than ten different names for Faḍlallāh's children are in circulation. This lack of clarity prevents the precise historical analysis of his children. This article shares new findings regarding the Faḍlallāh family using a unique copy of Faḍlallāh’s genealogy, which provides a list of his children and grandchildren. Other sources, including Faḍlallāh’s testament, the Maḥramnāma, and primary Hurufi sources, are also considered. This article reveals Faḍlallāh’s four children, only three of whom were alive when he died, and the roles played by Faḍlallāh’s family at the time of Shāhrukh and Jahānshāh.

Keywords

Faḍlallāh Astarābādī;HurufismTīmūrShāhrukhFaḍlallāh FamilyVaṣiyyatnāma
Type
Varia
Information
Iranian Studies , Volume 54 , Issue 3-4 , July 2021 , pp. 605 - 631
Copyright
Copyright © Association For Iranian Studies, Inc 2021

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Footnotes

His doctoral dissertation focused on Hurufism and its influence on Persian and Turkish literature. He has edited and published Persian and Turkish Hurufi manuscripts in ten volumes, including Faḍlallāh’s ʿArshnāma with a translation into Turkish; a translation of Jāvidānnāma into Turkish; Nasīmī’s Muqaddimat al-Ḥaqā’iq; and several research papers on Hurufism. He has been lecturing on Turkish Language and Culture at Sultan Qaboos University in Muscat since 2019 as a visiting scholar.

The author would like to express his deepest gratitude toward the anonymous reviewers and the journal editors for their careful comments at different stages of the review process.

References

ʿAlī al-Aʿlā. Firāqnāma. Istanbul University Library, Persian, no. 1158.Google Scholar
ʿAlī al-Aʿlā. Kursīnāma. Bibliotheque Nationale, Persian, no. 255; Millet Library, ʿAlī Amīrī, Persian, no. 1035 .Google Scholar
ʿAlī al-Aʿlā. Maḥsharnāma. Millet Library, ʿAlī Amīrī, Persian, no. 139.Google Scholar
ʿAlī al-Aʿlā. Qiyāmatnāma. Istanbul University Library, Persian, no. 1195.Google Scholar
Ghiyāth al-Dīn, Amīr. Istivānāma. Millet Library, ʿAlī Amīrī, Persian, no. 269; Vatican, Persian, no. 34.Google Scholar
Ghiyāth al-Dīn, Amīr. Ṣaḥīfat al-Istikhlāṣ. Millet Library, ʿAlī Amīrī, Persian, no. 825.Google Scholar
Āzhand, Yaʿqūb. Ḥurūfiyya dar Tārīkh. Tehran: Nay, 1369 SH [1990].Google Scholar
Bashir, Shahzad. “Enshrining Sainthood: The Death and Memorialization of Faḍlallāh Astarabadi in Hurufi Thought.” The Muslim World 90 (2000): 289–308. doi: 10.1111/j.1478-1913.2000.tb03692.xCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bashir, Shahzad. Fazlallah Astarabadi and the Hurufis. Oxford: Oneworld, 2005.Google Scholar
Binbaş, Ilker Evrim. “The Anatomy of a Regicide Attempt: Shāhrukh, the Hurufis, and the Tīmūrid Intellectuals in 830/1426–27.” Journal of Royal Asiatic Society 23 (2013): 391–428. doi: 10.1017/S1356186313000278CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Browne, Edward. “Further Notes on the Literature of the Hurufis.” Journal of Royal Asiatic Society (1907): 533–581.Google Scholar
Astarābādī, Faḍlallāh. Jāvidānnāma. Millet Library, ʿAlī Amīrī, Persian, no. 1046; Cambridge, E. 1.27 .Google Scholar
Astarābādī, Faḍlallāh. Vaṣiyyatnāma . Millet Library, ʿAlī Amīrī, Persian, no. 1009; Istanbul University, Persian, no. 1291 .Google Scholar
Ferişteoğlu, ʿAbd al-Majīd. Tarjama-yi Khwābnāma. I.B.B. Ataturk Library, Osman Ergin Manuscripts, no. 1321 .Google Scholar
Gölpınarlı, Abdulbaki. “Bektaşilik—Hurûfilik ve Fadl Allah’ın Öldürülmesine Düşürülen Üç Tarih.” Şarkiyat Mecmuası 5 (1964): 15–22.Google Scholar
Gölpınarlı, Abdulbaki. “Faḍl-Allah Ḥurūfī.” El2, II: 733–735.Google Scholar
Gölpınarlı, Abdulbaki. “Fadlallâh-ı Hurufî’nin Oğluna Ait Bir Mektup.” Şarkiyat Mecmuası 2 (1956): 37–57.Google Scholar
Gölpınarlı, Abdulbaki. “Fadlallah-ı Hurûfî’nin Wasiyyat-Nâma’si veya Wâsâyâ’sı.” Şarkiyat Mecmuası 2 (1957): 53–62.Google Scholar
Gölpınarlı, Abdulbaki. Hurûfilik Metinleri Kataloğu. Ankara: TTK, 1989.Google Scholar
Gölpınarlı, Abdulbaki. “Hurûfîlik ve Mîr-i Alem Celâl Bek’in Bir Mektubu.” Türkiyat Mecmuası 14 (1964): 93–110.Google Scholar
Abrū, Ḥāfiẓ-i. Zubdat al-Tavārīkh . Ed. Javādī, Sayyid. Tehran: Vizārat-i Farhang u Irshād-i Islāmī, 1380 SH [2001].Google Scholar
Dede, Ishqurt. Ṣalātnāma. Millet Library, ʿAlī Amīrī, Persian, no. 1043.Google Scholar
al-Karbalāʾī, Ḥāfiẓ Ḥusayn Tabrīzī. Rawḍāt al-Jinān va Jannāt al-Janān. Ed. Sulṭān al-Qurrāʾī, Jaʿfar. Tehran: Bungāh-i Tarjama va Nashr-i Kitāb, 1970.Google Scholar
Khwāndamīr, Tārīkh-i Ḥabīb al-Siyar. Tehran: Khayyām, 1362 SH [1983].Google Scholar
Kiyā, Ṣādiq. “Āgāhī-hā-yi Tāza az Ḥurūfiyān.” Majalla-yi Dānishkada-yi Adabiyāt 2 ( 1333 SH [1954]): 39–40.Google Scholar
Kiyā, Ṣādiq. Vāzhanāma-yi Gurgānī. Tehran: Dānishgāh-i Tehrān, 1330 SH [1951].Google Scholar
Miḥrābī, Muʿīn al-Dīn. Kalimatallāh Hiya al-ʿUlyā. Cologne: Ufuq, 1991.Google Scholar
Mir-Kasimov, Orkhan. “Astarābādī, Faḍlallāh.” In Encyclopaedia of Islam 3 . Online ed. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1573-3912_ei3_COM_24999 Google Scholar
Mir-Kasimov, Orkhan. “Le ‘Journal des Rêves’ de Fadlullah Astarabadi: Edition et Traduction annotée.” Studia Iranica 38 (2009): 249–304. doi: 10.2143/SI.38.2.2046916CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mir-Kasimov, Orkhan. Words of Power: Ḥurūfī Teachings between Shi’ism and Sufism in Medieval Islam: The Original Doctrine of Faḍl Allāh Astarābādī. London: I.B. Tauris Publishers in Association with the Institute of Ismaili Studies, 2015.Google Scholar
Nāfajī. Khwābnāma. Vatican Library , Persian, no. 17.Google Scholar
Ritter, Hellmut. “Studien zur Geschichte der Islamischen Frömmigkeit: Die Anfange der Hurufisekte.” Oriens 7 (1954) . Trans. Muʾayyad, Ḥishmat, Farhang-i Īrān Zamīn 10 (1341 SH [1962]): 319–393.Google Scholar
Samarqandī, Kamāl al-Dīn ʿAbd al-Razzāq. Matlaʿ-i Saʿdayn va Majmaʿ-i Baḥrayn. Ed. Navāyī, ʿAbd al-Ḥusayn. Tehran: Muʾassasa-yi Muṭālaʿāt u Taḥqīqāt-i Farhangī, 13s72 SH [1993].Google Scholar
Isḥāq, Sayyid. Khwābnāma. Millet Library, ʿAlī Amīrī, Persian, no. 1042.Google Scholar
Isḥāq, Sayyid. Maḥramnāma. Millet Library, ʿAlī Amīrī, Persian, no. 1031.Google Scholar
Shaybī, Kāmil Muṣṭafā. Tashayyuʿ va Taṣavvuf. Trans. Riḍā Zakāvatī Qaragozlu, A.. Tehran: Amīr Kabīr, 1387 SH [2008].Google Scholar
Tabrīzī, Molla Muḥammad Amīn Ḥashrī. Rawḍa-yi Aṭhār. Tabriz: Sutūda, 1371 SH [1992].Google Scholar
Tarbiyat, Muḥammad ʿAlī. Dānishmandān-i Āzarbayjān. Tabriz: Bunyād-i Kitāb-khāna-yi Firdawsī, 13?? SH [19??] .Google Scholar
Usluer, Fatih. Fazlullah Esterâbâdî, Câvidannâme; Dürr-i Yetim İsimli Tercümesi. İstanbul: Kabalcı, 2012.Google Scholar
Usluer, Fatih. Hurufilik; İlk Elden Kaynaklarla Doğuşundan İtibaren. Istanbul: Kabalci, 2009.Google Scholar
Usluer, Fatih. “İran Düşünce Tarihinde Hurufilik.” In İran Düşünce Tarihi, ed. Uygur, Hakkı and Rexhepi, Abdullah, 133–154. Ankara: İram, 2019.Google Scholar