Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-xbtfd Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-17T12:22:20.917Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Final /n/ Deletion in Ghayeni Persian: Opacity in Harmonic Serialism and Parallel Optimality Theory

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 January 2022

Bashir Jam ,
Pariya Razmdideh  and
Zohreh Sadat Naseri
Bashir Jam
Affiliation:
Shahrekord University
Pariya Razmdideh
Affiliation:
Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan
Zohreh Sadat Naseri
Affiliation:
Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

This paper explores the application and non-application of final /n/ deletion in Ghayeni Persian. In this dialect, final /n/ deletion is a productive phonological process whose application in different domains and environments is affected by several opaque counterbleeding and counterfeeding interactions as well as bleeding. This research presents new empirical data about these aspects which could be of general theoretical interest. It is also an attempt to make a contribution to current debate in phonological opacity. In so doing, it adopts Harmonic Serialism (HS) to accommodate counterbleeding opacity. It offers an analysis to survive a pitfall challenging HS in handling counterbleeding opacity in derived words. With regard to counterfeeding opacity, it adopts Parallel Optimality Theory (POT) using Local Constraint Conjunction (LCC). It discusses how POT and HS in particular could treat opaque interactions in Ghayeni dialect. In addition, this paper argues that a candidate which undergoes the same process twice in the same step could also be included in HS’s gradualness condition.

Keywords

Phonological OpacityBleedingCounterbleedingCounterfeedingParallel Optimality TheoryHarmonic SerialismGhayeni Persian
Type
Language contact in Iranian Languages
Information
Iranian Studies , Volume 53 , Issue 3-4: Commemorating Ehsan Yarshater Endangered Iranian Languages: Language Contact and Language Islands in Iran , August 2020 , pp. 417 - 444
Copyright
Copyright © Association For Iranian Studies, Inc 2020

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Anttila, Arto. “Variation and Opacity,”. NLLT 24 (2006): 893–944.Google Scholar
Benua, Laura. “Identity effects in morphological truncation”. In Beckman, Jill N., Laura, Walsh Dickey, and Urbanczyk, Suzanne (eds.). Papers in Optimality Theory. University of Massachusetts Occasional Papers 18, GLSA, 77-136. Amhesrt: University of Massachusetts, 1995.Google Scholar
Bermúdez-Otero, Ricardo.”The acquisition of phonological opacity”, in Spenader, Jennifer, Eriksson, Anders, and Dahl, Osten (eds), “Variation within Optimality Theory”: Proceedings of the Stockholm Workshop on ‘Variation within Optimality Theory’, 2003. Stockholm: Department of Linguistics, Stockholm University, 25-36. Expanded version (2003) available at ROA-593-0403, Rutgers Optimality Archive, http://roa.rutgers.edu, 2003.Google Scholar
Bretler, Jeroen. ”Deriving bounded tone with layered feet in Harmonic Serialism: The case of Saghala. Glossa”, a journal of general linguistics, 2 (1), 2017.Google Scholar
Chomsky, Noam. The minimalist program. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1995.Google Scholar
Chomsky, Noam and Halle, Morris. The Sound Pattern of English. NewYork: Harper & Row, 1968.Google Scholar
de Lacy, Paul. Markedness and faithfulness constraints. In van Oostendorp, M., C. J, 2011.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ewen, E. Hume, and Rice, K. (Ed.), “The Blackwell companion to Phonology”. Phonological Processes3 (2011): 1491–1512.Google Scholar
Elfner, Emily. Syllabification and stress–epenthesis interactions in Harmonic Serialism. Unpublished manuscript, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, 2009.Google Scholar
Faust, Noam and Torres-Tamarit, Francesc. ”Stress and final /n/ deletion in Catalan: Combining Strict CV and OT”. Glossa: a journal of general linguistics, 63 (2017): 1–23.Google Scholar
Ghomeshi, Jila. “Non-Projecting Nouns and the Ezafe Construction in Persian”. Natural Language and Linguistic Theory, 15, no.4. (1997): 729–788. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005886709040CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goldrick, Matthew. Turbid output representations and the unity of opacity. In M, 2000.Google Scholar
Hirotani, A. Coetzee, Hall, N., and Kim, J. -Y. (eds.). Proceedings of the 30th annual meeting of the North East Linguistics Society. Vol. I. GLSA, (2000): 231-245.Google Scholar
Green, Antony D. “Opacity in Tiberian Hebrew: Morphology, not phonology”. ZAS Papers in Linguistics, (2004): 37–70.Google Scholar
Jam, Bashir. Nazariye-ye behinegi va kārbord-e ān dar tabyin-e farāyandhā-ye vāji-ye zabān-e fārsi. [Optimality Theory and Its Application in Explaining Phonological Processes of Persian]. Unpublished doctoral dissertation. Tehran: Tarbiat Modarres University, 2009.Google Scholar
Jam, Bashir. “Tahlil-e estesnāhā va gounāgouni-ye āzād dar farāyand-e afrāshtegi-ye pishkheyshoumi dar chārchoub-e nazariye-ye behinegi. [An optimality–theoretic account of exceptionality and optionality in pre-nasal raising in Persian]”. Journal of language researches, 7, no.2 (2017): 19-38.Google Scholar
Jam, Bashir & Teymouri, Marziyeh. “Barrasi-ye tabdil-e vāke-ye /ɑ/ be vāke-ye [a:] yā [o] dar lahje-ye ferdos dar chārchoub-e nazariye-ye behinegi. [An optimality–theoretic account of changing /ɑ/ to [a:] or [o] in Ferdos Persian accent]”. Journal of linguistics and Khorasan Dialects, 6, no.1 (2014): 121-142.Google Scholar
Kager, R. Optimality theory. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999.Google Scholar
Kambouzia, Aliyeh K. Z. Vājshenāsi: rouykardhā-ye ghā’edehbonyād. [Phonology: Rule- Based Approaches]. Tehran: SAMT Publications, 2006.Google Scholar
Kavitskaya, Darya. Compensatory Lengthening: Phonetics, Phonology, Diachrony. New York and London: Routledge, 2002.Google Scholar
Kimper, Wendell. “Non-locality in harmony: Transparency/opacity and trigger conditions”. Talk presented in February 2011 at New York University, 2011a.Google Scholar
Kimper, Wendell. “Locality and globality in phonological variation”. Natural Language and Linguistic Theory, 29 (2011b): 423–465. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11049-011-9129-1CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kiparsky, Paul. “Abstractness, opacity and global rules”. In: Fujimura, Osamu (ed.) Three Dimensions of Linguistic Theory. Tokyo: TEC, (1973): 57–86.Google Scholar
McCarthy, John J. “Sympathy and phonological opacity”. Phonology, 16 (1999): 331–399. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0952675799003784CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McCarthy, John J. “Harmonic serialism and parallelism”. NELS, 30 (2000): 501–524.Google Scholar
McCarthy, John J. A Thematic Guide to Optimality Theory. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002.Google Scholar
McCarthy, John J. “Comparative markedness”. Theoretical Linguistics, 29 (2003): 1-51. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/thli.29.1-2.1Google Scholar
McCarthy, John J. Hidden generalizations: phonological opacity in optimality theory. London: Equinox, 2007.Google Scholar
McCarthy, John. J. Doing Optimality Theory. Oxford: Blackwell, 2008a.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McCarthy, John. J. “The gradual path to cluster simplification”. Phonology, 25 (2008b): 271–319. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0952675708001486CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McCarthy, John. J. “The serial interaction of stress and syncope”. Natural Language and Linguistic Theory, 26 (2008c): 499–546. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11049-008-9051-3CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McCarthy, John J. Harmony in Harmonic Serialism. Ms., University of Massachusetts, Amherst. ROA 1009, 2009.Google Scholar
McCarthy, John J. “An introduction to Harmonic Serialism”. Language and Linguistics Compass, 4, no.10 (2010): 1001–1018. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-818X.2010.00240.xCrossRefGoogle Scholar
McCarthy, John J. “The theory and practice of Harmonic Serialism”. In Harmonic Grammar and Harmonic Serialism, eds. McCarthy, J. J. and Pater, J., chapter 2, 47–87. Sheffield: Equinox, 2016.Google Scholar
McCarthy, John J. & Prince, Alan. “Faithfulness and reduplicative identity”. In Beckman, Jill, Dickey, Laura Walsh and Urbanczyk, Suzanne (eds.), Papers in Optimality Theory. University of Massachusetts Occasional Papers, 18 (1995): 249–384.Google Scholar
McMahon, April. Change, chance, and optimality. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000.Google Scholar
Miller, Corey. “A Holistic Treatment of /ān/ to [un] in Persian”. Proceedings of ICPhSXVII (2011): 1386–1389.Google Scholar
Moren, Bruce. Distinctiveness, Coercion and Sonority: A Unified Theory of Weight. London: Routledge, 2001.Google Scholar
Prince, Allen & Smolensky, Paul. Optimality Theory: Constraint Interaction in Generative Grammar. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 1993/2004.Google Scholar
Pruitt, Kathryn R. “Iterative foot optimization and locality in stress systems”. Unpublished manuscript, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 2008.Google Scholar
Pruitt, Kathryn R. “Stress in Harmonic Serialism.” Amherst, MA: University of Massachusetts dissertation, 2012.Google Scholar
Salehi Koopaei, Hengameh. “Barrasi-ye ākoustiki-ye ertegha-ye vāke-ye /ɑ/ be vāke-ye [u] dar bāft-e –n dar zabān-e fārsi-ye moāser [Acoustic analysis for raising /ɑ/ to [u] in the context of –n in contemporary Persian]”. Language and Linguistics, 6, no.1 (2010): 45–68.Google Scholar
Smolensky, Paul. On the internal structure of the constraint component of UG. Handout of Talk Presented at UCLA, 1995.Google Scholar
Torres-Tamarit, Francesc. Syllabification and Opacity in Harmonic Serialism. PhD dissertation, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2012.Google Scholar
Tranel, Bernard. “French liaison and elision revisited: A unified account within Optimality Theory”. In Aspects of Romance Linguistics, Parodi, Claudia et al. (eds.), 433-455. Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press, 1996.Google Scholar
Urek, Olga. “Overapplication opacity in phonological acquisition”, CASTL/University of Tromsø, 2013.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Van de Velde, Hans, and Van Hout, Roeland. N-deletion in reading style. In Linguistics in the netherlands. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 2000: 209–219.Google Scholar
Wilson, Colin. Consonant cluster neutralisation and targeted constraints, Phonology, 18 (2001): 147–197. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0952675701004043Google Scholar
Wheeler, Max. W. Phonology of Catalan. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 1979.Google Scholar
Yun, Gwanhi. Comparative Faithfulness: Evidence from Compensatory Lenghtening in Bantu: Studies in Phonetics, Phonology, and Morphology, 12, no.3 (2006): 339–360.Google Scholar
Zomorrodian, Reza. Practical linguistics: Investigating Ghayen’s dialect. [Zabanshenasiyé amali: Barrasiyé gouyeshé Ghayen]. Mashhad: Astan Ghods Razavi Publications, 1989.Google Scholar