Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-xbtfd Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-02T18:59:36.340Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Spread, Growth Parameters, and Reproductive Potential for Brown Flatsedge (Cyperus fuscus)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Charles T. Bryson  and
Richard Carter
Charles T. Bryson*
Affiliation:
U.S. Department of Agriculture–Agricultural Research Service, Crop Production Systems Research Unit, P.O. Box 350, Stoneville, MS 38776
Richard Carter
Affiliation:
Biology Department, Valdosta State University, Valdosta, GA 31698-0015
*
Corresponding author's E-mail: [email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Brown flatsedge (Cyperus fuscus) is widely distributed in Europe, Asia, the Indian subcontinent, and the Mediterranean region of Northern Africa. It was apparently introduced into North America in the late 1800s and has steadily moved southward and westward. Brown flatsedge is reported new to Arkansas and Mississippi herewith. Field observations from early spring until frost were made between 2003 and 2007 from populations present at three sites: Chicot County, Arkansas, and Pearl River and Washington counties, Mississippi. Under natural field conditions, brown flatsedge plants germinated from late March and early April until frost. Inflorescences were observed in mid-May and seed production continued until frost. In field populations, the average numbers of scales per spikelet, inflorescences per plant, and spikelets per inflorescence were 15, 28, and 33, respectively. Greenhouse experiments were established in 2008 at Stoneville, MS, to determine growth parameters and the reproductive potential of brown flatsedge. In greenhouse experiments, by 10 wk after emergence (WAE), brown flatsedge plants were 30.2 cm tall and 63.9 cm in diameter, and dry weights were 1.4, 1.0, 2.0, 0.5, and 1.9 g for roots, culms, leaves, bracts, and inflorescences, respectively. Brown flatsedge culms and inflorescences appeared 5 WAE, and by 9 WAE all plants were producing seed. Brown flatsedge could pose a threat to natural plant communities and rice agriculture in Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Missouri, Tennessee, and Texas. Additional research is needed to determine seed longevity and ecological range potential, and to develop inexpensive and effective control methods.

Keywords

Brown flatsedge, Cyperus fuscus L. CYPFUInvasive weedecological rangegrowth parametersreproductive potential
Type
Research
Information
Invasive Plant Science and Management , Volume 3 , Issue 3 , November 2010 , pp. 240 - 245
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Literature Cited

Bernard, J. M. and Fiala, K. 1986. The life history strategy reflected in standing crop and biomass allocation patterns of Carex comosa Boott: a clump-forming wetland sedge. Ekologia CSSR 5:247–259.Google Scholar
Bryson, C. T. and Carter, R. 2008. The significance of Cyperaceae as weeds. Pages 15–101. In Naczi, R. F. C. and Ford, B. A. eds. Sedges: Uses, Diversity, and Systematics of the Cyperaceae. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard 108.Google Scholar
Bryson, C. T. and DeFelice, M. S. Weeds of the South. Athens, GA, and London University of Georgia Press. 468 p.Google Scholar
Fernald, M. L. 1950. Gray's Manual of Botany. 8th ed. New York D. Van Nostrand Co. 1632 p.Google Scholar
Holm, L. G., Pancho, J. V., Herberger, J. P., and Plucknett, D. L. 1979. A Geographical Atlas of World Weeds. New York J. Wiley. 391 p.Google Scholar
Holm, L. G., Pucknett, D. L., Pancho, J. B., and Herberger, J. P. 1977. The World's Worst Weeds: Distribution and Biology. Honolulu, HI University Press of Hawaii. 609 p.Google Scholar
Knowlton, C. H., Cushman, J. A., Deane, W., and Harrison, A. K. 1911. Reports on the flora of Boston District-VIII. Rhodora 13:27–29.Google Scholar
Kükenthal, G. 1935 to 1936. Cyperaceae-Scirpoideae-Cypereae. Pages 1–671. In Engler, A. ed. Das Pflanzenreich IV, 20 (Heft 101). Leipzig Wilhelm Englemann.Google Scholar
McGivney, M. V. 1938. A revision of the subgenus Eucyperus found in the United States. Cathol. Univ. Am. Biol. Ser 26:1–74.Google Scholar
McKenzie, P. M., Jacobs, B., Bryson, C. T., Tucker, G. C., and Carter, R. 1998. Cyperus fuscus (Cyperaceae), new to Missouri and Nevada, with comments on its occurrence in North America. Sida 18:325–333.Google Scholar
[MS] Mississippi 2009. Mississippi Weather—Average Temperatures and Rainfall. http://countrystudies.us/united-states/weather/Mississippi. Accessed: July 30, 2009.Google Scholar
Tucker, G. C., Marcks, B. G., and Carter, J. R. 2002. Cyperus . Pages 141–191. In Ball, P. W., Gandhi, K., Kiger, R. W., Murray, D., Zarucchi, J. L., Reznicek, A. A., and Strother, J. L. eds. Flora of North America. Volume 23. New York Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Weedon, R. R. and Stephens, H. A. 1969. Cyperus fuscus in Nebraska and South Dakota. Rhodora 71:433.Google Scholar