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Plant silicon as a factor in medusahead (Taeniatherum caput-medusae) invasion

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  14 July 2020

Casey N. Spackman Open the ORCID record for Casey N. Spackman [Opens in a new window] ,
Thomas A. Monaco ,
Clinton A. Stonecipher  and
Juan J. Villalba
Casey N. Spackman*
Affiliation:
Extension Range Management Specialist, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, USA
Thomas A. Monaco
Affiliation:
Research Ecologist, Forage and Range Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Logan, UT, USA
Clinton A. Stonecipher
Affiliation:
Rangeland Scientist, Poisonous Plants Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, LoganUT, USA
Juan J. Villalba
Affiliation:
Professor, Department of Wildland Resources, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA
*
Author for correspondence: Casey N. Spackman, New Mexico State University, MSC 3AE, P.O. Box 30001, Las Cruces, NM88003-0031. (Email: [email protected])
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Abstract

Medusahead [Taeniatherum caput-medusae (L.) Nevski] is one of the most detrimental invasive annual grasses impacting the sustainability and function of rangeland in the western United States. This annual grass possesses high concentrations of tissue silicon (Si) that may facilitate invasion through key plant characteristics such as increased plant fitness, structure, and antinutritive qualities. These characteristics may affect known invasive processes such as increased plant productivity, slow litter decomposition, and decreased herbivory, facilitating a positive feedback cycle of invasion. However, Si is not considered an essential element and is often overlooked as a factor of T. caput-medusae invasion. Thus, this article provides a synthesis of plant Si, T. caput-medusae, and the self-reinforcing feedback cycle of invasion. We also discuss how current control strategies address plant characteristics determined by Si and suggest research avenues that may aid in novel or improved control strategies that target the T. caput-medusae–silica relationship.

Keywords

Plant physiologyplant fitnessweed controlinvasion feedback
Type
Review
Information
Invasive Plant Science and Management , Volume 13 , Issue 3 , September 2020 , pp. 143 - 154
Copyright
© Weed Science Society of America, 2020

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Footnotes

Associate Editor: Edith Allen, University of California, Riverside

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