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Operational Control of Eurasian Watermilfoil (Myriophyllum spicatum) and Impacts to the Native Submersed Aquatic Macrophyte Community in Lake Pend Oreille, Idaho

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

John D. Madsen ,
Ryan M. Wersal  and
Thomas E. Woolf
John D. Madsen*
Affiliation:
USDA Agricultural Research Service Exotic and Invasive Weeds Research Unit, University of California–Davis, Department of Plant Sciences, Davis, CA 95616
Ryan M. Wersal
Affiliation:
Lonza, 1200 Bluegrass Lakes Parkway, Alpharetta, GA 30004
Thomas E. Woolf
Affiliation:
Idaho State Department of Agriculture, Box 790, Boise, ID 83701
*
Corresponding author's E-mail: [email protected]
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Abstract

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Lake Pend Oreille is the largest (36,000 ha or 91,000 ac) freshwater lake in Idaho. Approximately 27% or 10,000 ha of the lake is littoral zone habitat supporting aquatic macrophyte growth. Eurasian watermilfoil has invaded large areas of this littoral zone habitat, with early estimates suggesting approximately 2,000 ha by the mid 2000s. Idaho State Department of Agriculture developed a state-wide eradication program in response to the threats posed by Eurasian watermilfoil, which attempts to quantify Eurasian watermilfoil infestations and its effects on the native plant community. Littoral zone point intercept surveys were conducted in 2007 and 2008 to monitor the trends in aquatic macrophyte community structure and assess management strategies against Eurasian watermilfoil. Lake Pend Oreille has a species-rich aquatic macrophyte community of more than 50 species. Lake-wide, the presence of Eurasian watermilfoil significantly decreased from 2007 (12.5%) to 2008 (7.9%). The native plant community has remained stable from 2007 to 2008 despite lake-wide management activities. In managed areas, the frequency of Eurasian watermilfoil during the 2008 assessment was 23.6% after herbicide applications. This represents a 63% reduction in Eurasian watermilfoil presence from the 2007 (64.5%) survey. When 2,4-D was combined with endothall, the presence of Eurasian watermilfoil declined from 63% (2007) to 36.5% in 2008. Eurasian watermilfoil treated with triclopyr also declined significantly, 64% to 18.2%. When all treatment methods were pooled and compared with areas that were not treated, the presence of Eurasian watermilfoil was significantly greater (52.5%) in untreated areas as opposed to treated areas (23%). The removal of Eurasian watermilfoil resulted in an increase in native species in most areas. Currently, there is as little as 200 ha of Eurasian watermilfoil remaining, which represents an overall reduction of 90% in approximately 7 yr of management.

Keywords

Fluridonetriclopyr2,4-DendothallEurasian watermilfoil, Myriophyllum spicatum L. MYSP2Aquatic macrophyte managementherbicide selectivityinvasive specieslake managementnative macrophyte
Type
Research Article
Information
Invasive Plant Science and Management , Volume 8 , Issue 2 , June 2015 , pp. 219 - 232
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

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