Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-q99xh Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-26T07:06:41.107Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Integrated Management of Perennial Pepperweed (Lepidium latifolium)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Rob G. Wilson ,
Debra Boelk ,
Guy B. Kyser  and
Joseph M. DiTomaso
Rob G. Wilson*
Affiliation:
University of California Cooperative Extension Lassen County, 707 Nevada St., Susanville, CA 96130
Debra Boelk
Affiliation:
Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616
Guy B. Kyser
Affiliation:
Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616
Joseph M. DiTomaso
Affiliation:
Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616
*
Corresponding author's E-mail: [email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Perennial pepperweed is invasive throughout California. It thrives in a wide range of environments and is a common weed in floodplains, pastures, wetlands, and roadsides. In disturbed areas, perennial pepperweed rapidly forms monotypic stands with a thick litter layer. These infestations not only out-compete other vegetation, but prevent re-establishment of desirable species even after perennial pepperweed control. This experiment examined integrated management strategies with the goal of maximizing perennial pepperweed control and establishment of desirable native vegetation. The experiment was conducted at two sites in Lassen County, CA. Both sites were heavily infested with perennial pepperweed and lacked competing vegetation. The experimental design was a split-split-randomized block with four replications. Site preparation treatments included winter burning, summer and fall mowing, winter grazing, and fall disking. These treatments were designed to remove thatch to facilitate herbicide application and reseeding of desirable perennial grasses. Herbicide treatments included chlorsulfuron, 2,4-D, or glyphosate applied at the flower bud stage. Revegetation treatments included no seeding and no-till seeding of native perennial grasses. Most site preparation plus herbicide combinations reduced perennial pepperweed cover > 85% compared to the untreated control, although treatment efficacy was variable between sites and years. Burning, grazing, mowing, or disking in combination with herbicide treatment and no-till seeding was necessary for successful native perennial grass establishment. Burning or mowing with yearly 2,4-D applications for 3 yr gave the best combination of perennial pepperweed control and native grass establishment. Chlorsulfuron caused chlorosis and stunting to western wheatgrass, basin wildrye, and beardless wildrye at both sites when applied the spring before seeding. No treatment offered complete weed control, suggesting follow-up spot herbicide applications are needed for long-term perennial pepperweed suppression. These results provide several successful integrated strategies for control of perennial pepperweed and revegetation to a desired native perennial grass community.

Keywords

2,4-Dchlorsulfuronglyphosateperennial pepperweed, Lepidium latifolium Lbasin wildrye, Leymus cinereus (Scribn. & Merr.) A. Lövebeardless wildrye, Leymus triticoides (Buckl.) Pilgerwestern wheatgrass, Pascopyrum smithii (Rydb.) A. LöveBurningdiskinggrazingmowingnative grassreseedingrevegetationsoilnutrient cycling
Type
Research Articles
Information
Invasive Plant Science and Management , Volume 1 , Issue 1 , January 2008 , pp. 17 - 25
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Literature Cited

AOAC, 1997. Method 972.43. Official Methods of Analysis of AOAC International. 16th ed. Arlington, VA AOAC International.Google Scholar
Blank, R.R. and Young, J.A. 1997. Lepidium latifolium: influences on soil properties, rate of spread, and competitive stature. Pages 69–80. in Brock, J.H., Wade, M., Pysek, P., Green, D., eds. Plant Invasions: Studies from North America and Europe. Leiden, The Netherlands Backhuys Publications.Google Scholar
Blank, R.R. and Young, J.A. 2002. Influence of the exotic invasive crucifer, Lepidium latifolium, on soil properties and elemental cycling. Soil Sci. 167:821–829.Google Scholar
DiTomaso, J.M. 2006. Control of invasive plants with prescribed fire. Pages 7–18. in DiTomaso, J.M., Johnson, D.W., eds. The Use of Fire as a Tool for Controlling Invasive Plants. Berkeley, CA California Invasive Plant Council, Publ. #2006-01.Google Scholar
Knepel, K. 2003. Determination of Nitrate in 2M KCl soil extracts by Flow Injection Analysis. QuikChem Method 12-107-04-1-B. Loveland, CO Lachat Instruments.Google Scholar
Knudsen, D., Peterson, G.A., and Pratt, P.F. 1982. Lithium, sodium and potassium. Pages 225–246. in Page, A.L., Miller, R.H., Keeney, D.R., eds. Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 2. Chemical and Microbiological Properties. Madison, WI ASA Monograph No. 9.Google Scholar
Krueger, J. and Sheley, R. 1999. Perennial pepperweed (Lepidium latifolium). Montguide #9906. Bozeman, MT MSU Extension Service.Google Scholar
Kyser, G.B. and DiTomaso, J.M. 2002. Instability in a grassland community following control of yellow starthistle (Centaurea solstitialis L.) with prescribed burning. Weed Sci. 50:648–657.Google Scholar
Ludwick, A.E., Bonezkowski, L.C., Bruice, C.A., Campbell, K.B., Millaway, R.M., Petrie, S.E., Phillips, I.L., and Smith, J.J., eds. 1995. Western Fertilizer Handbook. 8th ed. Sacramento, CA California Fertilizer Association. 338.Google Scholar
Miller, G.K., Young, J.A., and Evans, R.A. 1986. Germination of seeds of perennial pepperweed. Weed Sci. 34:252–255.Google Scholar
Nelson, D.W. and Sommers, L.E. 1982. Total carbon, organic carbon and organic matter. Pages 539–579. in Page, A.L., Miller, R.H., Keeney, D.R., eds. Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 2. Chemical and Microbiological Properties. Madison, WI ASA Monograph No. 9.Google Scholar
Olsen, S.R. and Sommers, L.E. 1982. Phosphorus. Pages 403–430. in Page, A.L., Miller, R.H., Keeney, D.R., eds. Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 2. Chemical and Microbiological Properties. Madison, WI ASA Monograph No. 9.Google Scholar
Renz, M.J. 2001. Element stewardship abstract for Lepidium latifolium, The Nature Conservancy. http://tncweeds.ucdavis.edu/esadocs/lepilati.html. Accessed: May 17, 2007.Google Scholar
Renz, M.J. and Blank, R. 2004. Influence of perennial pepperweed (Lepidium latifolium) biology and plant-soil relationships on management and restoration. Weed Technol. 18:1359–1363.Google Scholar
Renz, M.J. and DiTomaso, J.M. 1998. The effectiveness of mowing and herbicides to control perennial pepperweed in rangeland and roadside habitats. Proc. Calif. Weed Sci. Soc. 50:178.Google Scholar
Renz, M.J. and DiTomaso, J.M. 2006. Early season mowing improves the effectiveness of chlorsulfuron and glyphosate for control of perennial pepperweed (Lepidium latifolium). Weed Technol. 20:32–36.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rhoades, J.D. 1982. Soluble salts. Pages 167–179. in Page, A.L., Miller, R.H., Keeney, D.R., eds. Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 2. Chemical and microbiological properties. Madison, WI ASA Monograph No. 9.Google Scholar
U.S. Salinity Laboratory Staff 1954a. Carbonate and bicarbonate by titration with acid. Pages 98. in Richards, L.A., ed. Diagnosis and improvement of saline and alkali soils. USDA Agricultural Handbook 60. Washington, DC U.S. Government Printing Office.Google Scholar
U.S. Salinity Laboratory Staff 1954b. Choice of determinations and interpretation of data. Pages 26. in Richards, L.A., ed. Diagnosis and improvement of saline and alkali soils. USDA Agric. Handbook 60. Washington, DC U.S. Government Printing Office.Google Scholar
U.S. Salinity Laboratory Staff pH reading of saturated soil paste. 1954c. 102. in Richards, L.A., ed. Diagnosis and improvement of saline and alkali soils. USDA Agricultural Handbook 60. Washington, DC U.S. Government Printing Office.Google Scholar
Wilson, R. 2005. Perennial pepperweed control with herbicides applied at the rosette and flower-bud stage. Newark, CA Western Society of Weed Science Research Progress Report. 183–184.Google Scholar
Wilson, R.G., DiTomaso, J.M., and Renz, M.J. 2004. Pest Notes: Perennial Pepperweed. Oakland, CA UC ANR Publication #74121.Google Scholar
Young, J.A., Clements, C.D., and Blank, R.R. 2002. Herbicide residues and perennial grass on establishment perennial pepperweed sites. J. Range Manag. 55:194–196.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Young, J.A., Palmquist, D.E., and Blank, R.R. 1998. The ecology and control of perennial pepperweed. Weed Technol. 12:402–405.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Young, J.A., Turner, C.E., and James, L.F. 1995. Perennial pepperweed. Rangeland J. 17:121–123.Google Scholar