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Efficacy of Exotic Control Strategies for Restoring Coastal Prairie Grasses

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Karen D. Holl ,
Elizabeth A. Howard ,
Timothy M. Brown ,
Robert G. Chan ,
Tara S. de Silva ,
E. Tyler Mann ,
Jamie A. Russell  and
William H. Spangler
Karen D. Holl*
Affiliation:
Environmental Studies Department, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064
Elizabeth A. Howard
Affiliation:
Natural Reserves System, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064
Timothy M. Brown
Affiliation:
Natural Reserves System, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064
Robert G. Chan
Affiliation:
Environmental Studies Department, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064
Tara S. de Silva
Affiliation:
Environmental Studies Department, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064
E. Tyler Mann
Affiliation:
Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Department, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064
Jamie A. Russell
Affiliation:
Environmental Studies Department, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064
William H. Spangler
Affiliation:
Natural Reserves System, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064
*
Corresponding author's E-mail: [email protected]
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Abstract

Restoration in Mediterranean-climate grasslands is strongly impeded by lack of native propagules and competition with exotic grasses and forbs. We report on a study testing several methods for exotic plant control combined with planting native grasses to restore prairies in former agricultural land in coastal California. Specifically we compared tarping (shading out recently germinated seedlings with black plastic) once, tarping twice, topsoil removal, herbicide (glyphosate), and a control treatment in factorial combinations with or without wood mulch. Into each treatment we planted three native grass species (Elymus glaucus, Hordeum brachyantherum, and Stipa pulchra) and monitored plant survival and cover for three growing seasons. Survival of native grass species was high in all treatments, but was slightly lower in unmulched soil removal and control treatments in the first 2 yr. Mulching, tarping, and herbicide were all effective in reducing exotic grass cover and enhancing native grass cover for the first 2 yr, but by the third growing season cover of the plant guilds and bare ground had mostly converged, primarily because of the declining effects of the initial treatments. Mulching and tarping were both considerably more expensive than herbicide treatment. Topsoil removal was less effective in increasing native grass cover likely because soil removal altered the surface hydrology in this system. Our results show that several treatments were effective in enhancing native grass establishment, but that longer term monitoring is needed to evaluate the efficacy of restoration efforts. The most appropriate approach to controlling exotics to restore specific grassland sites will depend not only on the effectiveness, but also on relative costs and site constraints.

Keywords

Glyphosateblue wild rye, Elymus glaucus Buckleymeadow barley, Hordeum brachyantherum Nevskipurple needlegrass, Stipa pulchra HitchcCost of restorationgrasslandherbicidemulchsolarizationtarpingtopsoil removal
Type
Research Article
Information
Invasive Plant Science and Management , Volume 7 , Issue 4 , December 2014 , pp. 590 - 598
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

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