Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-dzt6s Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-26T07:05:18.322Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Composting Reduces Seed Viability of Garlic Mustard (Alliaria petiolata) and Common Buckthorn (Rhamnus cathartica)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Joseph Van Rossum  and
Mark J. Renz
Joseph Van Rossum
Affiliation:
University of Wisconsin Extension Solid and Hazardous Waste Education Center, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53706
Mark J. Renz*
Affiliation:
University of Wisconsin Extension Solid and Hazardous Waste Education Center, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53706
*
Corresponding author's E-mail: [email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Composting is a common practice for management of herbaceous yard materials and other decomposable materials. Although composting is promoted by state agencies for many materials, a notable exception is invasive plants due to concerns about spreading propagules with the finished product. To address this issue, we measured the viability of garlic mustard and common buckthorn seeds exposed to turned or static composting methods. Piles were built in 2012 and 2013, and seeds from both species were inserted and monitored for viability. Seed viability was reduced rapidly regardless of year, composting method, or species. Viability of seeds was zero within 7 and 15 d of composting for garlic mustard and common buckthorn, respectively, in both years. Results indicate that composting facilities are able to render the seeds of these invasive plants nonviable using either composting method because inactivation is within the composting timeframes typically practiced by the industry. This includes the process to further reduce pathogens (PFRP) with thresholds of 55 C for 15 d for the compost management process used for this trial.

Keywords

European buckthorn, Rhamnus cathartica L.garlic mustard, Alliaria petiolata (Bieb.) Cavara & GrandeCompostinginvasiveseed viability
Type
Research Article
Information
Invasive Plant Science and Management , Volume 8 , Issue 3 , September 2015 , pp. 284 - 291
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Literature Cited

American Public Health Association (1992) Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater. 18th edn. Washington, DC American Public Health Association. 1100 pGoogle Scholar
Boyce, JS (2003) Invasive species—an emerging issue for mining and reclamation. Pages 702–707 in Proceedings of the 2002 National Meeting of American Society of Mining and Reclamation. Lexington, KY. American Society of Mining and Reclamation Google Scholar
City of Madison (2014) Proper Disposal of Garlic Mustard. http://www.cityofmadison.com/streets/refuse/garlicMustard.cfm. Accessed December 1, 2014Google Scholar
Cohen, O, Riov, J, Katan, J, Gamliel, A, Bar, P (2008) Reducing persistent seedbanks of invasive plants by soil solarization—the case of Acacia saligna . Weed Sci 56:860–865 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Composting Council Research and Educational Foundation (2002) Test Methods for the Examination of Composting and Composts. Holbrook, NY CDROM Daugovish O, Downer J, Faber B, McGiffen M (2007) Weed survival in yard waste mulch. Weed Technol 21: 59–65Google Scholar
Eghball, B, Lesoing, GW (2000) Viability of weed seeds following manure windrow composting. Compost Sci Util 8:46–53 Google Scholar
Egley, GH (1990) High-temperature effects on germination and survival of weed seeds in soil. Weed Sci. 38:429–435 Google Scholar
[EPA] Environmental Protection Agency (2013) Part 503—Standards for the Use or Disposal of Sewage Sludge. Appendix B. Title 40. Washington, DC EPA Code of Federal Regulations. Pp 866–867 Google Scholar
Larney, FJ, Blackshaw, RE (2003) Weed seed viability in composted beef cattle feedlot manure. J Environ Qual 32:1105–1113 Google Scholar
Mack, RN, Simberloff, D, Lonsdale, WM, Evans, H, Clout, M, Bazzaz, FA (2000) Biotic invasions: causes, epidemiology, global consequences and control. Ecol Appl 10:689–710 Google Scholar
Mascaro, J, Schnitzer, SA (2011) Dominance by the introduced tree Rhamnus cathartica (common buckthorn) may limit aboveground carbon storage in southern Wisconsin forests. For Ecol Manag 261:545–550 Google Scholar
McDonald, JH (2009) Handbook of Biological Statistics. 2nd edn. Baltimore, MD Sparky House Publishing. 313 pGoogle Scholar
Meier, EJ, Waliczek, TM, Abbott, ML (2014) Composting invasive plants in the Rio Grande River. Invasive Plant Sci Manag 7:473–482 Google Scholar
Miller, LA, Peters, J (2010) AOSA/SCST Tetrazolium Testing Handbook. 2010 edn. Washington, DC Association of Official Seed Analysts and the Society of Commercial Seed Technologists Google Scholar
Noble, R, Dobrovin-Pennington, A, Pietravalle, S, Weekes, R, Henry, CM (2011) Indicator organisms for assessing sanitation during composting of plant wastes. Waste Manag 31:1711–1719 Google Scholar
Ryckeboer, J, Mergaert, J, Vaes, K, Klammer, S, De Clercq, D, Coosemans, J, Insam, H, Swings, J (2003) A survey of bacteria and fungi occurring during composting and self-heating process. Ann Microbiol 53:349–410 Google Scholar
Rynk, R, van de Kamp, M, Willson, GB, Singley, ME, Richard, TL, Kolega, JJ, Gouin, FR, Laliberty, L, Kay, D, Murphy, DW (1992) On-Farm Composting Handbook. New York Northeast Regional Agricultural Engineering Service. 186 pGoogle Scholar
Sosnoskie, LM, Cardina, J (2009) Laboratory methods for breaking dormancy in garlic mustard (Alliaria petiolata) seeds. Invasive Plant Sci Manag 2:185–189 Google Scholar
The Stewardship Network ((2014)) Garlic Mustard Challenge. http://garlicmustardchallenge.wordpress.com/2012/08/01/the-results-are-in/. Accessed September 15, 2014Google Scholar
Tompkins, DK, Abiola, AT, Chaw, D (1998) Effect of windrow composting on weed seed germination and viability. Compost Sci Util 6:30–34 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Van Rossum, J (2012) Composting trends in Wisconsin. Biocycle 53:25–26 Google Scholar
Wisconsin Council on Forestry (2014). Transportation and Utility Rights-of-Way BMPS for Preventing the Introduction and Spread of Invasive Species. http://www.wisconsinforestry.org/initiatives/other/invasive-species-bmps/rights-of-way-bmps. Accessed October 5, 2014Google Scholar
Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources ((2010)) Chapter NR 40: Invasive Species Identification, Classification and Control. Wisconsin Administrative Register 656374.01–374.10.Google Scholar
Youngblood, A (2008) Rhamnus L. buckthorn. Pages 939–942 in [USDA] US Department of Agriculture Woody Plant Seed Manual. USDA FS Agriculture Handbook 727. Washington, DC General Printing Office Google Scholar