Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-4rdpn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-04T19:51:39.577Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Radical conservatism and global order: international theory and the new right

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  03 October 2018

Jean-François Drolet  and
Michael C Williams
Jean-François Drolet*
Affiliation:
School of Politics and International Relations, Queen Mary University of London, UK and Graduate School of Public and International Affairs, University of Ottawa, Canada
Michael C Williams
Affiliation:
School of Politics and International Relations, Queen Mary University of London, UK and Graduate School of Public and International Affairs, University of Ottawa, Canada
*
E-mail: [email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

The rise of the radical ‘New Right’ (NR) across much of the global political landscape is one of the most striking political developments of recent years. This article seeks to foster international theory’s critical engagement with the NR by providing an overview of its thinking about world politics and the challenges it presents. We argue that in many ways international theory is in fact uniquely positioned to provide such an engagement, and that it is essential that international theory comes to terms more fully with its political vision and theoretical claims if it is to engage effectively with this increasingly potent and often deeply troubling intellectual and political movement.

Keywords

New Rightglobal liberal orderradical conservatismpaleoconservatismconservative revolution
Type
Original Papers
Information
International Theory , Volume 10 , Issue 3 , November 2018 , pp. 285 - 313
Copyright
© Cambridge University Press 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Aschheim, Steven E. 1994. The Nietzsche Legacy in Germany 1890-1990. Berkeley: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Bannon, Steve. 2018. ‘Soros est l’ennemi de tous les nationalismes: Entretien avec Steve Bannon’, Les Non-Alignés, July 8. Online at http://www.xn--les-non-aligns-nkb.fr [10 July 2018].Google Scholar
Bartov, Omer. 1989. “Man and Mass: Reality and the Heroic Image of War.” History & Memory 1(2):99–122.Google Scholar
Bassin, Mark. 2015. “Lev Gumilev and the European New Right.” Nationalities Papers: The Journal of Nationalism and Ethnicity 43(6):840–865.Google Scholar
Behr, Hartmut, and Rosch, Felix. 2012. “Introduction.” In Hans J. Morgenthau, The Concept of the Political, edited by Hartmut Behr and Felix Rosch, 3–79. London: Palgrave.Google Scholar
Beiner, Ronald. 2018. Dangerous Minds: Nietzsche, Heidegger and the Return of the Far Right. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.Google Scholar
Bliese, John. 1984. “Richard Weaver: Rhetoric and the Tyrannizing Image.” Modern Age 28:208–214.Google Scholar
Bolton, John. 2000. “Should We Take Global Governance Seriously?” Chicago Journal of International Law 1(2):205–221.Google Scholar
Breuer, Stefan. 1933. Anatomie der konservativen Revolution. Darmstadt: Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft.Google Scholar
Burnham, James. 1972 [1940]. The Managerial Revolution. New York: Praeger.Google Scholar
Burnham, James. 1943. The Machiavellians: Defenders of Freedom. New York: John Day.Google Scholar
Casey, Lee A., and Rivkin, B. David. 2001. “Europe in the Balance: The Alarmingly Undemocratic Drift of the European Union.” Policy Review 107:41–53.Google Scholar
Champetier, Charles. 1999. “La Yougoslavie en ruine: Une guerre contre l’Europe.” Éléments 95:27–31.Google Scholar
Clover, Charles. 2016. Black Wind, White Snow: The Rise of Russia’s New Nationalism. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
De Benoist, Alain. 1979. Vu de Droite. Paris: Copernic.Google Scholar
De Benoist, Alain. 1994 [1993]. “The idea of empire.” Telos 98-99:81–98.Google Scholar
De Benoist, Alain. 1999. “Un mot en quatre lettres.” Élements 95:18–22.Google Scholar
De Benoist, Alain. 2011. “The European New Right: Forty Years Later.” In Against Democracy and Equality: The European New Right, edited by Tomislav Sunic, 19–28. London: Arktos.Google Scholar
De Benoist, Alain. 2013. Carl Schmitt Today: Terrorism, ‘Just War’ and the State of Emergency. London: Artkos.Google Scholar
De Benoist, Alain. 2014. Quatres figures de la Révolution Conservatrice allemande: Werner Sombart, Arthur Moeller van den Bruck, Ernst Niekisch, Oswald Spengler. Paris: Association des Amis d’Alain de Benoist.Google Scholar
Drolet, Jean-François. 2014. “Ennobling Humanity: Nietzsche and the Politics of Tragedy.” Journal of International Political Theory 10(3):1–30.Google Scholar
Dugin, Alexander. 2012. The Fourth Political Theory, trans. Mark Sleboda, and Michael Millerman. London: Arktos Media.Google Scholar
Economist. 2018. “Dancing With Danger: Europe’s Populists are Waltzing Into the Mainstream.” The Economist 3 February:33–34.Google Scholar
Elbe, Stefan. 2003. Europe: A Nietzschean Perspective. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Ellis, John. 1975. The Social History of the Machine Gun. London: Croom Helm.Google Scholar
Enemark-Petersen, Ulrich. 1999. “Breathing Nietzsche’s Air: New Reflections on Morgenthau’s Concepts of Power and Human Nature.” Alternatives: Global, Local, Political 24(1):83–118.Google Scholar
Evola, Julius. 1995 [1934]. Revolt Against the Modern World, trans. Guido Stucco. Rochester, VT: Inner Traditions.Google Scholar
Farrenkopf, John. 1991. “The Transformation of Spengler’s Philosophy of World History.” Journal of the History of Ideas 52(3):463–485.Google Scholar
Faye, Guillaume. 1980. “Pour en finir avec la civilisation occidentale.” Élements 34:17–34.Google Scholar
Faye, Guillaume. 1981. Le système à tuer les peuples. Paris: Copernic.Google Scholar
Faye, Guillaume. 2011. Why We Fight. London: Artkos.Google Scholar
Fonte, John. 2009. Sovereignty or Submission: Will Americans Rule Themselves or be Ruled by Others?. New York: Encounter.Google Scholar
Francis, Sam. 1992. “Nationalism: Old and New.” Chronicles June:18–22.Google Scholar
Francis, Sam. 2016. Leviathan and its Enemies. Washington DC: Washington Summit Publishers.Google Scholar
Frei, Christoph. 2001. Hans Morgenthau: An Intellectual Biography. Baton Rouge: University of Louisiana Press.Google Scholar
Freyer, Hans. 1923. Prometheus: Ideen zur Philosophie der Kultur. Jena: Eugen Diederichs.Google Scholar
Freyer, Hans. 1925. Der Staat. Leipzig: Fritz Rechfelden.Google Scholar
Freyer, Hans. 1994 [1931]. “Revolution from the Right.” In The Weimar Reader, edited by Anton Kaes, Martin Jay, and Edward Dimendberg. Berkeley: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Freyer, Hans. 1930 [1929]. “Zur Philosophie der Technik.” Blattefur Deutsche Philosophie: Zeitschrift der Deutschen Philosophischen Gesellschaft, Band 3. Berlin: Junker und Dünnhaupt.Google Scholar
Gerstenberger, Heide. 1969. Der revolutionäre Konservatismus. Berlin: Dunker & Humblot.Google Scholar
Goodhart, Michael, and Taninchev, Stacy Bondanella. 2011. “The New Sovereigntist Challenge for Global Governance: Democracy Without Sovereignty.” International Studies Quarterly 55:1047–1068.Google Scholar
Gottfried, Paul. 1990. Carl Schmitt: Politics and Theory. New York: Praeger.Google Scholar
Gottfried, Paul. 1995. “Reconfiguring the Political Landscape.” Telos 103:111–126.Google Scholar
Gottfried, Paul. 1999. After Liberalism. Princeton: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Gottfried, Paul. 2007. Conservatism in America: Making Sense of the American Right. London: Palgrave.Google Scholar
Gottfried, Paul. 2012. War and Democracy. London: Artkos.Google Scholar
Gottfried, Paul. 2016. Fascism: The Career of a Concept. Dekalb: Northern Illinois University Press.Google Scholar
Gottfried, Paul. 2017. “Explaining Trump.” In Revisions and Dissent: Essays, 168–178. Chicago: Northern Illinois University Press.Google Scholar
Gray, Rosie. 2017. “Behind the Internet’s Anti-Democracy Movement.” The Atlantic 10 February.Google Scholar
Greenberg, Udi. 2014. The Weimar Century: German Émigrés and the Ideological Foundations of the Cold War. Princeton: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Greven, T. 2016. The Rise of Right-Wing Populism in Europe and the United States: A Comparative Perspective. Berlin: Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung.Google Scholar
Griffin, Roger. 2000. “Between metapolitics apoliteia: The Nouvelle Droite's Strategy for Conserving the Fascist Vision in the Interregnum.” Modern & Contemporary France, 8(1):35–53.Google Scholar
Guilhot, Nicolas. ed. 2011. The Invention of International Relations. New York: Columbia University Press.Google Scholar
Guilhot, Nicolas. 2017. After the Enlightenment: Political Realism and International Relations in the Mid-Twentieth Century. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Habermas, Jürgen. 2000. The Postnational Constellation. Cambridge: Polity Press.Google Scholar
Hale, Thomas N., and Slaughter, Anne-Marie. 2005. “Hardt and Negri’s ‘Multitude’: the worst of both worlds.” Open Democracy 26 May. https://www.opendemocracy.net/globalization-vision_reflections/marx_2549.jsp Google Scholar
Hale, Williams M. 2006. The Impact of Radical Right-Wing Parties in West European Democracies. London: Palgrave.Google Scholar
Hawley, George. 2016. Right Wing Critics of American Conservatism. Lawrence, KS: University of Kansas Press.Google Scholar
Heidegger, Martin. 1933. “Declaration of Support for Hitler and the National Socialist State.” In The Heidegger Controversy: A Critical Reader, edited by Richard Wolin. Cambridge MA: MIT Press.Google Scholar
Heidegger, Martin. 1993 [1954]. The Question Concerning Technology. In Basic Writings. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Heidegger, Martin. 1959. Introduction to Metaphysics. New Haven: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Herf, Jeffrey. 2002. Reactionary Modernism: Technology, Culture, and Politics in Weimar and the Third Reich. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Herman, Arthur. 1997. The Idea of Decline. New York: Free Press.Google Scholar
Herte, Robert de. 1980. “Ni des esclaves, ni des robots.” Élements 34:28–34.Google Scholar
Ikenberry, John. 2012. Liberal Leviathan. Princeton: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Inglehart, R, and Norris, P.. 2016. Trump, Brexit, and the rise of populism: Economic have-nots and cultural backlash. HKS Working Paper No. RWP16–026, Harvard University.Google Scholar
Johnson, Greg. 2012. “Toward a North American New Right.” North American New Right 1:1–10.Google Scholar
Joll, James. 1985. “Two Prophets of the Twentieth Century: Spengler and Toynbee.” Review of International Studies 11(2):91–104.Google Scholar
Jünger, Ernst. 1993 [1930]. “Total Mobilization.” In The Heidegger Controversy: A Critical Reader, edited by Richard Wolin. Cambridge MA: MIT Press.Google Scholar
Jünger, Ernst. 2017 [1932]. The Worker: Dominion and Form. Evanston: Northwestern University Press.Google Scholar
Kondylis, Panagiotis. 1986. Konservativismus: Geschichtlicher Gehalt und Untergang. Stuttgart: Clett-Kotta.Google Scholar
Krebs, Pierre. 1994. Das Thule-Seminar: Geistesgegenwart du Zukunft in der Morgenröte des Ethnos. Horn: Burkhart Weecke Verlag.Google Scholar
Lasch, Christopher. 1996. The Revolt of the Elites. New York: Norton.Google Scholar
Lazaridis, Gabriella, Campani, Giovanna, and Benveniste, Annie, eds. 2016. The Rise of the Far Right in Europe. London: Palgrave.Google Scholar
Lenk, Kurt, Meuter, Günter, and Otten, Henrique Ricardo. 1997. Vordenker der Neuen Rechten. Francfort: Campus.Google Scholar
Lochi, Giorgio. 1979. “Mythe et communauté”. XIIIième Colloque federal du GRECE. Online at http://euro-synergies.hautetfort.com/archive/2007/01/19/g-locchi-mythe-et-communaute.html [8 September 2017].Google Scholar
Meinecke, Friedrich. 1957. Machiavellism: The Doctrine of Raison d’Etat and Its Place in Modern History. New Haven: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Minkenberg, Michael. 1997. “The New Right in France and Germany: Nouvelle Droite, Neue Rechte, and the New Right Radical Parties.” In The Revival of Right Wing Extremism in the Nineties, edited by P. H. Merkl, and L Weinberg. London: Frank Cass.Google Scholar
Moeller van den Bruck, Arthur. 2012 [1923]. Germany’s Third Empire. London: Arktos.Google Scholar
Mohler, Armin. 1950. Die Konservative Revolution in Deutschland, 1918-1932. Stuttgart: Friedrich Vorwerck-Verlag.Google Scholar
Mudde, C. 2007. Populist Right Parties in Europe. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Mudde, C. 2016. The study of populist radical right parties: Towards a fourth wave. C-REX Working Paper Series No. 1, Centre for Research on Extremism, the Extreme Right, Hate Crime, and Political Violence, University of Oslo.Google Scholar
Mueller, Jerry Z. 1988. The Other God that Failed: Hans Freyer and the De-Radicalization of German Conservatism. Princeton: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Muis, J., and Immerzeel, T.. 2017. “Causes and consequences of the rise of populist radical right parties and movements in Europe.” Current Sociology/La Sociologie Contemporaine 65(6):909–930.Google Scholar
Müller, Jan-Werner. 2017. “What is Populism?.” Old Main, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press.Google Scholar
Nietzsche, Friedrich. 1996 [1878–1800]. Human, All Too Human, tr. RJ Hollingdale. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Nietzsche, Friedrich. 1999 [1872]. The Birth of Tragedy and Other Writings, tr. R Speirs. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Nietzsche, Friedrich. 2002 [1886]. Beyond Good and Evil, tr. J Norman. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Norris, Pippa. 2005. Radical Right: Voters and Parties in the Electoral Market. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
O’Meara, Michael. 2013 [2004]. New Culture, New Right: Anti-Liberalism in Postmodern Europe. London: Artkos.Google Scholar
Patocka, Jan. 1999 [1975]. “Wars of the Twentieth Century and the Twentieth Century as War.” In Heretical Essays in the Philosophy of History, edited by James Dodd, 119–138. Chicago: Open Court.Google Scholar
Pick, Daniel. 1996. War Machine: The Rationalisation of Slaughter in the Modern Age. New Haven: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Rauschning, Hermann. 1941. The Conservative Revolution. New York: G.P. Putnam’s Sons.Google Scholar
Scheuerman, William. 2009. Morgenthau. Cambridge: Polity Press.Google Scholar
Schmitt, Carl. 2007 [1927]. The Concept of the Political, tr. Tracy Strong. Chicago: Chicago University Press.Google Scholar
Schmitt, Carl. 2007 [1929]. “The Age of Neutralizations and Politicization.” In The Concept of the Political, 80-97, translated by George Schwab. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Schmitt, Carl. 1962. “L’Ordre du monde après la deuxième guerre mondiale.” In Carl Schmitt. La Guerre Civile Mondiale, Essais (1943-1978), edited by Céline Jouin. Paris: Ère.Google Scholar
Schmitt, Carl. 2008. The Leviathan in the State Theory of Thomas Hobbes: Meaning and Failure of a Political Symbol. Chicago: University of Chicago.Google Scholar
Scotchie, Joseph. 1999. The Paleoconservatives: New Voices of the Old Right. New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
Sedgwick, Mark. 2009. Against the Modern World: The Hidden History of the Twentieth Century. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Shekhovtsov, Anton. 2017. Russia and the Western Far Right: Tango Noir. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Shenk, Timothy. 2016. “The dark history of Donald Trump’s rightwing revolt.” Guardian 5 May. https://www.theguardian.com/news/2016/aug/16/secret-history-trumpism-donald-trump Google Scholar
Siegel, Jacob. 2016. “The Alt-Right’s Jewish Godfather.” Tablet November 29. https://www.tabletmag.com/jewish-news-and-politics/218712/spencer-gottfried-alt-right Google Scholar
Slaughter, Anne-Marie. 2004. A New World Order. Princeton: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Sorel, Louis. 1999. “Le nouvel Atlantisme contre l’Europe.” Éléments 94:7–24.Google Scholar
Spektorowski, Alberto. 2003. “The New Right: ethno-regionalism, ethno-pluralism and the emergence of a neo-fascist ‘Third Way’.” Journal of Political Ideologies 8(3):111–130.Google Scholar
Spengler, Oswald. 1928 [1918, 1922, 1926]. The Decline of the West, 2 vols. London: Allen & Unwin.Google Scholar
Spengler, Oswald. 2015 [1931]. Man and Technics. London: Arktos.Google Scholar
Stern, Fritz. 1961. The Politics of Cultural Despair: A Study in the Rise of the Germanic Ideology. New York: Anchor Books.Google Scholar
Sunic, Tomislav. 2011 [1990]. Against Democracy and Equality: The European New Right. London: Arktos.Google Scholar
Sunic, Tomislav. 2007. Homo Americanus: Child of the Postmodern Age. London: Artkos.Google Scholar
Travers, Martin. 2001. Critics of Modernity: The Literature of the Conservative Revolution in Germany, 1890-1933. Oxford: Peter Lang.Google Scholar
Versluis, Arthus. 2014. “A Conversation with Alain de Benoist.” Journal for the Study of Radicalism 8(2):79–106.Google Scholar
Von Hoffmannstahl, Hugo. 1927. Das Schriftum als gestiger Raum der Nation. Munich: Bremer Presse.Google Scholar
Von Klemperer, Klemens. 1957. Germany’s New Conservatism. Princeton: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Williams, Michael C. 2013. “In the Beginning: The International Relations Enlightenment and the Ends of International Theory.” European Journal of International Relations 19(3):647–665.Google Scholar
Woods, Roger. 1996. The Conservative Revolution in the Weimar Republic. New York: St. Martin’s.Google Scholar
Yockney, Francis Parker. 1962. Imperium, the Philosophy of History and Politics. New York: The Truth Seeker.Google Scholar