In 1999, a revised edition of the 1989 Guide to the International Archives and Collections at the IISH, Amsterdam (hereafter GIA) was published. This was the last printed GIA. From 1998 onwards, annual supplements to this GIA have been published in Issue 2 of the International Review of Social History (IRSH).
In recent years, all information on archival holdings at the IISH has become available online and appears in the institute's online catalogue under search.socialhistory.org. In addition to listing papers and archives, this catalogue features descriptions of collections containing audiovisual and library materials. Audiovisual materials include audio cassettes, videos, photographs, slides, negatives, and posters. Library materials include books, periodicals, and brochures.
The archives may be consulted in the IISH reading room in Amsterdam and increasingly online as well. Requests for access to the physical documents or for digital reproductions may be submitted via the online catalogue. For additional information about rules for access and consultation (including procedures for handling the material and making photocopies), please consult the website socialhistory.org/en/services or contact the IISH information service (e-mail: [email protected]).
Each entry offers a summary comprising the following:
1. Access: As a rule, consultation is not restricted; any restrictions are indicated by *.
2. Name: Names of persons include dates of birth and death, when known. In the case of international organizations with names in more than one language, the language is selected in which most of the documents were written. For organizations that have changed their names, the name used most recently is selected. Previous names of organizations are mentioned in the condensed history. The names of subject collections are mostly in English.
3. Period: First and last date of the documents present. Where only a few documents are from a certain year or period, they are listed in parentheses.
4. Size: In linear metres.
5. Finding aid: Available inventories, lists, and indexes.
6. Biography/history: A condensed biography or history of the persons or organizations concerned.
7. Summary of contents: A summary of the contents of the archives, papers, or collection concerned.
In the case of an accrual to existing archives, a reference appears to the ‘url’ containing the initial description as well as the supplement(s).
1. Persons – Papers
Almeida Olival, Alberto de (1949–2006) – Papers
Period: 1971–2001
Size: 1.12 m.
Finding aid: inventory
Born in Lisbon, Portugal, 6 February 1949, died in Amsterdam 12 October 2006; called up for military service, fled abroad and eventually ended up in the Netherlands; active in the Comité van Portugese Vluchtelingen (Committee of Portuguese refugees) in the Netherlands; after the Carnation Revolution active in the Amsterdam department of the União Democrática Popular (UDP) and later the Bloco Esquerda; secretary of the Comissão da Comunidade Portuguesa da Holanda; board member of the Portuguese association Casa Portuguesa and later chairman of the merging organization Associação Portuguesa de Amesterdão; also board member of the Landelijk Inspraakorgaan Zuid-Europeanen (LIZE); made a Portuguese radio programme for SALTO and later active for Migranten TV.
Correspondence and other documents on the various committees of Portuguese deserters in Denmark, France, the Netherlands and Sweden 1972–1974; minutes of the meetings of, correspondence by and other documents on the Comité van Portugese Vluchtelingen (Committee of Portuguese refugees) in the Netherlands 1972–1975; minutes of the meetings of and other documents on the ‘Noodfonds voor Portugese Vluchtelingen’ (emergency fund for Portuguese refugees) in the Netherlands 1972–1974; correspondence of the Amsterdam department of the União Democrática Popular (UDP) 1976–1977; membership cards and conference passes of the UDP 1980 and n.d.; documents on the Associação Portuguesa de Amesterdão (Unificada), the Comissão da Comunidade Portuguesa da Holanda and the Federação da Comunidade Portuguesa na Holanda 1981–1997; documents on the conference on migrants and refugees in the Europe of 1992 in Amsterdam 1989; documents on the first congress of the Federação das Associações Portuguesas na Holanda in Amsterdam 1990; certificate ‘Video programmamaken’ of Migranten Televisie Opleidingen with an assessment of and other documents regarding his final production ‘Fishermen of the Tagus’ 1987–1989; collection of stickers from the União Democrática Popular (UDP), the Partido Comunista Português (Reconstruido) and other political parties and groups n.d.
Bukhshtab, Viktor Mikhailovich – Papers
Period: 1931–1939
Size: 0.12 m.
Finding aid: inventory
V.M. Bukhshtab (Бухштаб Виктор Михайлович), a key member of the anti-Bolshevik organization Krestianskaia Rossiia (Крестьянская Россия, Peasant Russia) and its successor Trudovaia Krestianskaia Partiia (Трудовая крестьянская партия, The Peasant Labor Party); Krestianskaia Rossiia was one of several peasant organizations formed in opposition to the Bolsheviks during the early NEP period; its leader, the former Socialist-Revolutionary (SR) Sergei Maslov (Маслов Сергей Сергеевич), left Russia in 1921 and after ending up in Prague, he set about re-establishing the organization in emigration; in 1927, Krestianskaia Rossiia was renamed Trudovaia Krestianskaia Partiia, and at its first congress that same year the party elected the former Socialist-Revolutionary leader Andrei Argunov (Аргунов Андрей Александрович) as its chairman; at the congress, V.M. Bukhshtab was also elected to the central committee. The Party attracted a number of former SRs to its ranks, both in Russia and in emigration and, throughout the late 1920s and early 1930s, it encouraged violent resistance and conducted some work inside Soviet Russia; the extent of its underground activity is not clear, but the Party stood accused of ‘wrecking’ at the Industrial Party Trial (25 November–7 December 1930), one of the first large show-trials of the Stalinist period; whether its involvement was real or imagined, the scarcity of information is such that the Party has been wrongly described in several works as a fictitious organization.
The present archive consists of original manuscripts, typescripts, and other documents dating between 1931 and 1939; it includes both typescript party memos and Bukhshtab's own handwritten notes and speeches.
The most informative are the documents on the situation in the party, on international relations and Russia, the materials of the Preparatory commission, the purpose of which was to develop all issues of ideological, tactical, programmatic, and organizational nature, and to present measures for their practical implementation in 1937–1938, in particular the minutes of the meetings in 1937–1938, the report of V.M. Bukhshtab and N.V. Bystrov ‘World political situation and Russia’, views on the Munich agreement, etc.
Heus, Sandra de (born 1941) – Papers
Period: 1971–1976
Size: 0.06 m.
Finding aid: list
Alexandra (Sandra or Xandra) de Heus; born in Hilversum 22 July 1941; studied cultural anthropology at the University of Amsterdam, among others with W.F. Wertheim; worked after her graduation in 1974 with foreign workers and in particular Moroccans and Turks; employee of a psychological assistance agency for Moroccans and Turks. Coordinator of ‘Adoption group 101, subgroup Indonesia’ of Amnesty International; other participants in this included Rob Hoekstra, Frida Jolles-Weghuis, and Leo Woltering; this group was particularly concerned about the prisoner Walujadi (or: Waluyadi) Tur, who was detained in the Buru camp on suspicion of communist sympathies; the group also maintained contact with Susilo Tur, brother of Walujadi, who was also known as a ‘political delinquent’.
Correspondence with G. Theo van Beusekom, Susilo Tur, W.F. Wertheim, Leo A. Woltering, Amnesty International, The Dutch Red Cross, and other persons and institutions concerning the fate of Indonesian political prisoners, including the adopted Walujadi Tur 1972–1976.
Huiswoud, Otto (1893–1961) and Huiswoud-Dumont, Hermina (1905–1998) – Papers
Period: 1945–1997
Size: 0.12 m.
Finding aid: list
Otto Eduard Gerardus Majelia Huiswoud; born in Paramaribo, Suriname, 28 October 1893, died in Amsterdam 20 February 1961; political activist; lived in New York from the age of sixteen to 1940; visited as a member of the trade union movement Jamaica and Trinidad 1930; travelled to Suriname 1940; held imprisoned 1940–1942; settled in the Netherlands in 1946; member of the Vereniging Ons Suriname, board member from 1948 and from 1954 chairman; in 1960 co-founded the Federatie van Surinaamse Verenigingen in Nederland. Hermina Huiswoud-Dumont; born in British Guiana, 8 October 1905, died in Amsterdam 1998.
Correspondence, articles, and other documents concerning the life and activities of Otto Huiswoud and his wife Hermina Huiswoud-Dumont 1945–1997.
* Lee, Doris (born 1969) – Papers
Period: 2006–2016
Size: 0.12 m., 7.3 MB, 20 files
Finding aid: list
Born in Brooklyn, New York, 16 October 1969; obtained Bachelor's degree in Oriental Studies from University of Pennsylvania (1991) and Master's degree in International Affairs from Columbia University (1997); settled in Hong Kong in 1998, and worked from 1998–2002 in the regional syndicated lending departments of two banks (Sumitomo Bank and ING Bank); after a break from work to focus on two children, returned to work as the editor and publications coordinator of a regional labour rights NGO, Asia Monitor Resource Centre, and worked there from 2006–2011; also established, in 2009, a migrant domestic worker solidarity association in Hong Kong called Open Door, sharing the real lives and views of Hong Kong's foreign domestic workers and employers, in 2009; started an international worker cooperative network, No Chains, in 2010; began full-time PhD studies at City University of Hong Kong in 2014.
Documents on the Asia Monitor Resource Center and gender issues and other themes, put on the agenda by this NGO 2007–2010; documents on the discussion between Doris Lee and the board of the AMRC about her position as a staff member and the disruption, in 2011, of her activities for the AMRC 2016.
* Mercado, Lan (Lilian) (born 1961) – Papers
Period: 1988–1989
Size: 0.12 m.
Finding aid: list
Lan (Lilian) Salas Mercado Carreon; born 1961; member of the illegal National Democratic Front and a staff member of Bayan (Bagong Alyansang Makabayan), a legal left-wing political group in the Philippines; disappeared with Pearl Abaya, a staff member of the Philippine Alliance of Human Rights Advocates (PAHRA) at the national office of the leading human rights organization Task Force Detainees of the Philippines (TDFP) in Quezon City in November 1988; another member of Bayan, Efren Bonagua, disappeared on the same day; the army stated they were probably killed by members of the NPA (New People's Army) for being deep penetration agents; after pressure and actions of relatives and human rights organizations, Mercado was released by the NPA in 1989.
Correspondence, statements, and other documents regarding the disappearances of Lan (Lilian) Mercado, Pearl Abaya, Efren Bonagua and others 1988–1989; personal files of members of the illegal National Democratic Front 1988; press clippings on the disappearances 1988–1989.
* Özgüden, Doğan (born 1936) – Papers
Period: 1947–2018
Size: 5 m., 1000 photographs, 450 posters
Finding aid: list
Accrual: for initial description see: http://hdl.handle.net/10622/ARCH03469.
Correspondence with members of the Özgüden and Tuğsavul families 1971–2003; correspondence with friends, comrades and other people, including Taner Akçam, Mihri Belli, İsmail Beşikçi, Behice Boran, Cengiz Çandar, Halit Çelenk, Piet Dankert, Thomas Hammarberg, Ufuk Güldemir, Gencay Gürsoy, Günes and Barbro Karabuda, Ilhan Koman, Kerim Korcan, Aziz Nesin, Heinz Neudecker, Faruk Pekin, Doğu Perinçek, Osman Sakalsız, Nihat Sargın, Yücel Sayman, Kemal Sülker, Sanar Yurdatapan, and Ragıp Zarakolu 1971–2018; personal, financial and legal papers 1947–2009; articles, typescripts, interviews, speeches, and clippings, including reviews of his Stateless Journalist 1974–2017; photo albums documenting the lives and activities of Doğan Özgüden and İnci Tuğsavul as journalist and political activist 1945–1998.
Schade, Ernst (born 1949) – Guinea Bissau Photo Collection
Period: 2005–2013
Size: 26 digital photographs (470 MB)
Finding aid: list
Biographical sketch of Schade earlier published see: http://hdl.handle.net/10622/COLL00143.
26 black-and-white and colour photographs of work (fisheries, shops, civil service) and living conditions, especially of women and children, in Guinea-Bissau by the Dutch photographer Ernst Schade between 2005 and 2013.
Téllez Solá, Antonio (1921–2005) – Papers
Period: 1938–1986
Size: 0.12 m.
Finding aid: inventory
Accrual: for initial description see: http://hdl.handle.net/10622/ARCH02915.
Birth certificates of Antonio Téllez Solá 1938–1965; identity cards, residence and work permits, labour contracts and documents relating to refugee status, citizenship, and social security 1940–1986; Spanish documents relating to citizenship, civil registration, and conscription 1940–1947; leaflet and forged documents produced by the Grupo Ponzán [1941–1944]; identity cards and certificates from the Forces Françaises Intérieures, the Groupement Robur-Alfred and the Confederación Nacional del Trabajo (CNT) relating to his role in the Resistance and forged documents carrying the name of Luis del Barco Rueda 1942, 1945–1946; membership cards of the CNT, the Conféderation Française Démocratique du Travail (CFDT) and the Solidarité Internationale Antifasciste (SIA) 1944–1982; press cards 1948–1985; birth and death certificates and other documents relating to Martin Téllez García and Margarita Solá Pararols 1952–1972.
Téllez Solá, Antonio (1921–2005) – Photo Collection
Period: 1940–1993
Size: 625 photographs
Finding aid: inventory
Accrual: for initial description see: http://hdl.handle.net/10622/COLL00128.
Photographs of David Antona Rodríguez, Raul Carballeira Lacunza, José Lluis Facerías, Pablo Ferrer Blasco, Diego Franco Cazorla, Antonio Franquesa Funoll, Ramón González Sanmartí, Wenceslao Jiménez Orive, Antonio Miracle Guitart, Jesús del Olmo Saéz, Agustín Remiro, Manuel Sabaté Llopart, César Saborit Carralero, Liberto Sarrau Royes and many other persons 1940–1992; group portraits of Téllez Solá with Fernando Gómez Pélaez, Cipriano Mera, Benito Milla, Antonio Morales Guzmán, Pilar Ponzán Vidal, José Pujol Grúa, and others 1946–1977; photographs of the spot in Barcelona where José Facerías was killed in 1957, places related to Manuel Sabaté and the ruins of the Osséja guerrilla base in the Pyrenees 1945–1993; three albums with pasted photos and some other documents on the Juventudes Libertarias de Lérida 1936–1937, the internment camps in France like Agde, Argelès-sur-Mer, Barcarès, Bram, and Saint Cyprien 1940–1944, the labour forced by the German occupier in the mines of Le Collet-de-Dèze 1943–1944, the invasion by the allies 1944, meetings with comrades of the CNT and other organizations in Toulouse and other French cities 1945–1959 and the First World Festival of Youth and Students in Prague, Czechoslovakia, followed by three weeks of voluntary work on the construction of the Šamac-Sarajewo railway line in Yugoslavia 1947.
Vakili, Jafar (1923–1954) – Papers
Period: 1954
Size: 0.01 m., 13 GB
Jaafar Vakili (جعفروکیلی); born in Tehran, Persia, 22 January 1923, died in Tehran 8 November 1954; joined the military high school of the Iranian Army in sixth grade in 1940; continued in the military academy and became an officer in the Iranian army; completed during his army service a course in infantry and mountain training in France 1949–1950; major in the Iranian army; joined in September–October 1947 the underground organization of the Iranian communist party (Tudeh Party of Iran, حزب تودۀ ایران) in the Iranian armed forces; elected after his return from France in 1950 to the six-headed leadership committee of the organization, a position he held until he was arrested on 25 August 1954; severely tortured along with a number of other communist officers before they were tried and sentenced to death; one of the five communist officers executed on 8 November 1954. During the period of October 26–November 6 1954, the ten days during which, according to the law, they had the possibility of appealing the death sentence, they were allowed to see their families; during this time, Vakili managed to pass along clandestinely six letters; the first five letters, the originals of which are in this collection, are addressed to his wife, Touran Mirhadi (میر هادی توران, 1927–2016); he had not revealed to the authorities that he was married and had a child and his wife visited him in the prison as his sister; for this reason, the first letter is addressed to ‘my dear sister’; once he became aware that he could pass letters to her unnoticed by the authorities, the letters are addressed to Touran directly; the sixth letter, the original copy of which was given to Noureddin Kianouri (Hossein), a member of the Central Committee of the Tudeh Party at the time, is written on behalf of the officers being executed and is addressed to the leadership of the Tudeh Party.
Five letters to Touran Mirhadi, written by Vakili in prison on cigarette papers 1954.
These five letters have also been delivered digitally together with a few portrait photographs.
2. Organizations – Archives
Sozialistischer Deutscher Studentenbund (SDS) Marburg/Lahn und Arbeitsgemeinschaft Sozialistische Opposition (ASO) Marburg/Lahn – Archives
Period: 1958–1971 (–1982)
Size: 2.25 m.
Finding aid: inventory
The Sozialistischer Deutscher Studentenbund, the Socialist German Student Union, was founded in 1946 in Hamburg, Germany, as the collegiate branch of the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD); in the 1950s, tensions between the SDS and the main party surfaced, particularly over the party's support of West Germany's rearming, until in 1961 the SPD expelled all members of the SDS from the party; the movement was at its peak during the student protests in West Berlin and other German cities and became the leading element in the Außerparlamentarische Opposition, Extraparliamentary Opposition; their leader was Rudi Dutschke who was attacked in 1968; around 1970, the SDS lost influence and disbanded; Marburg (Lahn) was one of the German university cities, where the leftist student movement was large and influential; from the 1960s, the circle of leftist historians and social scientists like Wolfgang Abendroth, Eberhard Dähne, Frank Deppe, Georg Fülberth, and Kurt Steinhaus was very active in Marburg and in the region of Hesse, some of them were members of the Deutsche Kommunistische Partei (DKP) founded in 1969; apart from but also together with the SDS, the Arbeitsgemeinschaft Sozialistische Opposition (ASO) operated in Marburg, a discussion group that wanted to debate the possibility of a political organization to the left of the SPD after the formation of the grand coalition of CDU/CSU and SPD in 1966.
Sozialistischer Deutscher Studentenbund (SDS): correspondence, circulars, reports, member lists, and documents on meetings, local departments, protests, the elections (Bundestagwahl) of 1969, and, in general, the student and leftist movement in Germany 1958–1970.
Arbeitsgemeinschaft Sozialistische Opposition (ASO): correspondence, circulars, reports, and other documents 1967–1971.
Furthermore, this archive contains correspondence from Eberhard Dähne (very intertwined with the SDS and ASO files) 1966–1969, documents concerning the Initiativausschuss zur Gründung einer Sozialistenen Partei 1962–1969, documents concerning the Arbeitskreis Freier Kindergarten 1969 and documents concerning the creation of the Marxist student union Spartakus. Assoziation Marxistischer Studenten (AMS) 1970–1971.
N.B. For a long time, some files belonged to the materials collected by Gerhard Bauß and were used by him for his book Die Studentenbeweging der sechziger Jahre in der Bundesrepublik und Westberlin. Handbuch (Köln, 1977).
3. Subjects – Collections
China:
Chinese Independent Youth/Music Culture Collection
Period: 1998–2008
Size: 0.25 m.
Finding aid: list
Small collection of zines (plus related materials) and CDs on independent youth culture (mostly music) and from Indy music groups in China 1998, 2004–2006, 2008.
India:
Auroville Collection
Period: 1968–2013
Size: 0.25 m.
Finding aid: list
Accrual: for initial description see: http://hdl.handle.net/10622/COLL00017.
Cash book, journal, and documents on the financial situation of Auroville 1968–1983; various reports issued by and on behalf of Auroville on the economic and other perspectives 1970–1993; various publications on Auroville 1971–2013.
Indonesia:
Taring Padi – Poster Collection
Period: 2004–2011
Size: 35 posters
Finding aid: list
‘Lembaga Budaya Kerakyatan Taring Padi’, or the Organisation of People's Culture Fangs of Rice (referring to the sharp tip of the rice plant, a metaphor for people's power), in short Taring Padi is a community of artists in Yogyakarta, Indonesia; the group was formed in 1998 during the general upheaval following the fall of Suharto; well-known for the production of cartoons and posters embedded with political and social justice messages, using the cukil (woodcut) technique; created in addition to their print work also kinetic sculptures, street theatre performances, punk rock and techno music; after the fall of Suharto, occupied an abandoned art school, which they used as a residence and workspace for creating art, music, and theatre; moved following the 2006 Yogyakarta earthquake to a studio in Sembungan village, Bantul, Yogyakarta; Taring Padi regularly run workshops at their studio and undertake collaborative projects with communities and national and international art and political groups; published a bulletin Terompet Rakyat.
Collection of posters made by the Taring Padi art collective, mostly for the 2009 elections.
Southeast Asia:
Southeast Asian Independent Youth Culture Collection
Period: 1996–2017
Size: 1 m.
Finding aid: list
This collection was brought together by Eef Vermeij during his trips to Southeast Asia. Part of the collection was donated by the Nepalese anarcho-punk band Rai Ko Ris. Joe Kidd and Norr Yaacob from the Ricecooker Infoshop, Malaysia, were helpful in the selection of the music.
Collection of zines and some related materials and also CDs/cassettes on independent youth culture (mostly music) and from Indy music groups in Southeast Asia, Japan, and Nepal 1996, 1998–2017.
Sudan:
Sudan 1985 Civil Uprising – Collection
Period: 1985
Size: 0.25 m.
The civil uprising in Sudan occurred from 26 March until 6 April 1985; main goal was to end the Numeiri-led government and to install a government led by civilians representing various political parties; the opposition also strived for the end of sharia law in Sudan; Numeiri came to power in a military coup in May 1969 and implemented sharia law throughout the whole country, applying it to all citizens regardless of whether or not they were Muslim, in 1983. The uprising started on 26 March 1985 with spontaneous student demonstrations on the eve of a presidential trip to the United States; on 29 March, workers and unemployed citizens marched through the streets shouting slogans of the Sudanese Communist Party and destroying symbols of wealth; the Communist Party released a public statement on 30 March, calling for an unlimited general strike in Khartoum until the defeat of the government; Sudanese professionals joined with the Trade Union Assembly for National Salvation to add their support to the strike; other political parties including the Sudan Popular Liberation Movement (SPLM), a rebel group led by John Garang de Mabior and fierce opponent of sharia law, participated in the coalition against Numeiri; General al-Dahab met with the opposition leadership, a coup followed and a military junta was installed, the Transitional Military Council, headed by general al-Dahab, and a civilian cabinet of non-party professionals shared power; they would rule jointly for a one-year transitional period; general elections took place in 1986 and Sadiq al-Mahdi, head of the National Umma Party, was voted prime minister; during his government, the sharia law was not revoked and in 1989 al-Mahdi was ousted from power in a coup led by Omar al-Bashir.
Leaflets, bulletins, and other documents, most in Arabic and a few in English, related to the civil uprising, including a general strike, in Sudan in March–April 1985.
Suriname:
Rust en Werk Plantation in Suriname – Archives
Period: 1834–1901
Size: 0.12 m.
Finding aid: inventory
The Rust en Werk plantation was built around 1750 by Wigbold Crommelin, who arrived in Suriname in 1749 as commander of the Dutch troops; one of the first owners was Pieter Constantijn Nobel, who had the plantation managed by administrator J.F. Andree; Theodor Gülcher became the owner in 1808; Rust en Werk was initially a coffee plantation, but gradually it was switched to cotton; Rust en Werk grew into one of the most prosperous cotton plantations in Suriname; after the death of Theodor Gülcher, his first his son, Pieter Constantijn, took over the plantation and then his cousin Jan Marie; in the meantime, the cotton plantation had switched to sugar; the Gülcher family had good contacts with sugar companies in the Dutch East Indies and thus acquired professional knowledge; in 1934, however, the end came and the company was wound up; Rust en Werk merged with other plantations in 1947 and cocoa was produced for decades for the Rotterdam candy manufacturer Jamin.
Correspondence and accounts concerning the Rust en Werk plantation in Suriname and documents concerning (alleged) heirs and their rights and obligations 1864–1901; annual balance sheets 1834–1860; registers concerning income and expenses of the Rust en Werk plantation 1871–1886; two letters on the approaching end of the ten-year period of ‘state supervision’ in 1873 and the need for ‘ordering’ contract workers from Barbados and Bengal 1872; 39 plates photo album Suriname 1900.
Syria:
Communist Labor Party of Syria – Collection of Periodicals
Period: 1976–1991
Size: 144 periodicals and 47 documents
Finding aid: list
Ḥizb al-ʿAmal al-Shuyūʿī (الشيوعي العمل حزب) Communist Labour Party of Syria (CLP), formerly Rābiṭat al-ʿAmal al-Shuyūʿī (الشيوعي العمل رابطة) Communist Action League (CAL); the Communist Action League was founded in Syria summer of 1976, in an extended meeting that consisted of most of the Marxist circles in Syria that existed between the years 1967–1976; the Communist Action League is the only communist group that did not see the light as a split off from the main Syrian Communist Party that was founded in 1924; considered as the most radical organization regarding its political views and the most ‘fundamentalist’ regarding Marxist thought. In the summer of 1981, the league held its first conference in Lebanon – the security situation did not allow for the conference to be held in Syria – and decided to become a party, i.e. ‘The Communist Labor Party of Syria’.
Collection of four different publications of the organization: 1. al-Rāyah al-Ḥamrāʾ (The Red Flag), the main newspaper of the central committee; 2. al- Shuyūʿī (The Communist), the theoretical magazine of the party; 3. al-Brūlītārī (The Proletarian), magazine that contains internal dialogues in the party; 4. al-Nidāʾ al-Shaʿabī (The Popular Appeal), newspaper addressed to the masses of the popular classes and concerned with the daily issues of the people.
