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Reliability and validity of short Beck Hopelessness Scale in psychological autopsy study among Chinese rural elderly

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  23 September 2019

Zhenyu Ma Open the ORCID record for Zhenyu Ma [Opens in a new window] ,
Qiuping He ,
Guanghui Nie ,
Cunxian Jia  and
Liang Zhou
Zhenyu Ma
Affiliation:
School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
Qiuping He
Affiliation:
School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China Department of Health Education and Information, Nanning Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning, China
Guanghui Nie
Affiliation:
School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
Cunxian Jia
Affiliation:
School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, China
Liang Zhou*
Affiliation:
Department of Social Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou, China
*
Correspondence should be addressed to: Dr. Liang Zhou, 36 Mingxin Road, Liwan District, Guangzhou, China 510370. Email: [email protected].
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Abstract

Background:

Older adults represent the segment of population most exposed to the risk of suicide nearly everywhere in the world. Previous studies showed that hopelessness was an important risk factor for suicide.

Aims:

This study aimed to evaluate the reliability and validity of the four-item Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS-4) in psychological autopsy study among Chinese rural elderly.

Method:

Two-stage stratified cluster sampling method was used to select research sites. Using case-control psychological autopsy study, face-to-face interviews were conducted to collected information.

Results:

A total of 242 elderly suicide deaths and 242 matched living comparisons were investigated, including 135 males and 107 females for each group. Intraclass Correlation Coefficients (ICC) of the controls were 0.682-0.713. The median score of BHS-4 among suicides was significantly higher than that among controls. The corrected correlation coefficient between items and total score were 0.184-0.723. Cronbach’s Alphas coefficient was 0.834. Only one common factor was precipitated by exploratory factor analysis and the cumulative variance contribution rates were 59.558% for suicides and 52.722% for living controls. The correlation coefficient between hopelessness and depression were 0.481 among suicide death and 0.617 among living controls.

Conclusion:

The information provided by the informants through psychological autopsy method had high reliability to reflect the actual situation of suicides and controls. BHS-4 has good reliability and validity among Chinese rural elderly suicides. It is suitable for psychological autopsy study among Chinese rural elderly.

Keywords

Beck Hopelessness Scalepsychological autopsyreliabilityvalidity
Type
Original Research Article
Information
International Psychogeriatrics , Volume 32 , Issue 4: Issue Theme: Serious Mental Illnesses in Older Adults , April 2020 , pp. 525 - 531
Copyright
© International Psychogeriatric Association 2019

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Footnotes

*

These authors contributed equally to this work.

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