Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-t7czq Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-24T02:49:02.286Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Patient and carer participation in old age psychiatry in England. Part II: models of participation

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  14 October 2011

Susan Mary Benbow
Susan Mary Benbow*
Affiliation:
Centre for Ageing and Mental Health, Faculty of Health and Sciences, Staffordshire University, Stoke-on-Trent, Staffordshire, UK
*
Correspondence should be addressed to: Professor S. M. Benbow, Centre for Ageing and Mental Health, Faculty of Health and Sciences, Staffordshire University, Blackheath Lane, Stafford ST18 0AD, UK. Phone: +44 (0)1785 353742. Email: [email protected].
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Background: There are a number of models of patient and carer participation. Their usefulness and applicability to old age psychiatry is considered.

Methods: Models of participation are reviewed and related to examples of participation initiatives drawn from the author's work in the context of the National Health Service in the United Kingdom.

Results: Models of participation which emphasize collaboration and partnership are found to be useful. Simple interventions such as copying letters to patients and/or carers can lead to change in the balance of power between staff and patients/carers. Initiatives which draw on the experiences of patients and carers can facilitate organizational learning and development. Involving patients and carers in education offers a way to influence services and the staff working in them.

Conclusion: Participation is better understood as a spectrum rather than a hierarchy. Old age psychiatry services would benefit from developing greater patient and carer participation at all levels.

Keywords

collaborationconsultationconsumer groupcopying letters to patientspatient journey mappingworkforce education and training
Type
Review Article
Information
International Psychogeriatrics , Volume 24 , Issue 2 , February 2012 , pp. 185 - 196
Copyright
Copyright © International Psychogeriatric Association 2011

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Anderson, E. S., Ford, J. S. and Thorpe, L. N. (2008). Listening to Users and Carers Who Have Limited Communication Capacity or Skills. Report to the HEA. Available at: http://www.health.heacademy.ac.uk/doc/mp/08-52_lizanderson.pdf/view; last accessed 21 April 2011.Google Scholar
Barnes, D., Carpenter, J. and Bailey, D. (2000). Partnerships with service users in interprofessional education for community mental health: a case study. Journal of Interprofessional Care, 14, 189–200.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Benbow, S. M. and Boyce, W. (2008). In Our Shoes: A User and Carer-led Teaching Module. Higher Education Academy Mini-Project report. Available at: http://www.staffs.ac.uk/assets/In_our_shoes_a%20_user_and%20_carer_led_teaching_module_tcm44-32410.pdf; last accessed 21 April 2011.Google Scholar
Benbow, S. M., Taylor, L. and Morgan, K. (2008). Multiple perspectives: involving users and carers in educating health and social care professionals. Quality in Ageing, 9 (2), 12–17.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Benbow, S. M., Ong, Y. L., Black, S. and Garner, J. (2009). Narratives in a user and carers’ group: meanings and impact. International Psychogeriatrics, 21, 33–39.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Benbow, S. M., Taylor, L. M., Mustafa, N. and Morgan, K. (2011). Design, delivery and evaluation of teaching by service users and carers. Educational Gerontology, 37, 621–633.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
BMA (2009). Defining Best Practice for Copying Letters to Patients: Guidance for Consultant Doctors. London: BMA. Available at: http://www.bma.org.uk/images/consultantscopyingletterstopatients_tcm41-190155.doc; last accessed 21 April 2011.Google Scholar
Carr, S. (2004). Has Service User Participation Made a Difference to Social Care Services? SCIE Position paper 3. London: Social Care Institute for Excellence. Available at: http://www.scie.org.uk/publications/positionpapers/pp03.asp. last accessed 21 April 2011.Google Scholar
Clark, M., Benbow, S. M., Moreland, N., Scott, V. and Jolley, D. (2008). Copying letters to older people in mental health services: policy with unfulfilled potential. Quality in Ageing, 9 (3), 31–38.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Crawford, M. J. et al. (2002). Systematic review of involving patients in the planning and development of health care. BMJ, 325 (7375), 1263.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dale, J., Tadros, G., Adams, S. and Deshpande, N. (2004). Do patients really want copies of their GP letters? A questionnaire survey of older adults and their carers. Psychiatric Bulletin, 28, 199–200.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Department of Health (2003). Copying Letters to Patients: Good Practice Guidelines. Available at: http://www.dh.gov.uk/en/Publicationsandstatistics/Publications/PublicationsPolicyAndGuidance/DH_4007561; last accessed 21 April 2011.Google Scholar
Doherty, D., Benbow, S. M., Craig, J. and Smith, C. (2009). Patients’ and carers’ journeys through older people's mental health services: powerful tools for learning. Dementia, 8, 501–513.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Elliott, T. et al. (2005). Practice learning and assessment on BSc (Hons) Social Work: “service user conversations”. Social Work Education, 24, 451–466.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fajerman, L. and Treseder, P. (1997). Empowering Children and Young People. Promoting Involvement in Decision-Making. London: Save the Children.Google Scholar
Felton, A. and Stickley, T. (2004). Pedagogy, power and service user involvement. Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing, 11, 89–98.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Forrest, S., Risk, I., Masters, H. and Brown, N. (2000). Mental health service user involvement in nurse education: exploring the issues. Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing, 7, 51–57.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Glasby, J. (2007). User involvement and citizenship. In Glasby, J., Understanding Health and Social Care (pp. 129–148). Bristol: Policy Press.Google Scholar
Hickey, G. and Kipping, C. (1998). Exploring the concept of user involvement in mental health through a participation continuum. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 7, 83–88.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hoggett, P. (1992). The politics of empowerment. Going Local, 19, 18–19.Google Scholar
Hughes, G. (2008). Foreword. In Benbow, S. M. and Boyce, W., In Our Shoes: A User and Carer-led Teaching Module. Higher Education Academy Mini-Project Report, p. 4. Available at: http://www.staffs.ac.uk/assets/In_our_shoes_a%20_user_and%20_carer_led_teaching_module_tcm44-32410.pdf; last accessed 21 April 2011.Google Scholar
Humphreys, C. (2005). Service user involvement in social work education: a case example. Social Work Education, 24, 797–803.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ikkos, G. (2003). Engaging patients as teachers of clinical interview skills. Psychiatric Bulletin, 27, 312–315.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jelley, D., van Zwanenberg, T. and Walker, C. (2002). Copying letters to patients: concerns of clinicians and patients need to be addressed first. BMJ, 325, 1359.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Livingston, G. and Cooper, C. (2004). User and carer involvement in mental health training. Advances in Psychiatric Treatment, 10, 85–92.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lloyd, G. (2004). Medical records: copying letters to patients. Psychiatric Bulletin, 28, 57–59.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lloyd, M., Carson, A. and Bleakley, C. (2007). Exploring the Needs of Service Users Involved in Planning and Delivering Mental Health Services and Education. Report to the HEA. Available at: http://www.health.heacademy.ac.uk/projects/miniprojects/mlloyd_reportsummary; last accessed 21 April 2011.Google Scholar
Marzanski, M., Misunuri, P. and Coupe, T. (2005). Copying letters to patients: a study of patients’ views. Psychiatric Bulletin, 29, 56–58.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mason, J. and Rice, D. (2008). Does a business-like letter written for a general practitioner meet the standards for patients? Psychiatric Bulletin, 32, 259–262.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McNamee, S. (2007). Relational practices in education: teaching as conversation. In Anderson, H. and Gehart, D. (eds.), Collaborative Therapy: Relationships and Conversations that Make a Difference (pp. 313–335). London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Morgan, K. (2008) Foreword. In Benbow, S. M. and Boyce, W.. . In Benbow, S. M. and Boyce, W., In Our Shoes: A User and Carer-led Teaching Module. Higher Education Academy Mini-Project Report, p. 3. Available at: http://www.staffs.ac.uk/assets/In_our_shoes_a%20_user_and%20_carer_led_teaching_module_tcm44-32410.pdf; last accessed 21 April 2011.Google Scholar
Murray, G., Nandhra, H., Hymas, N. and Hunt, N. (2003). Copying letters to patients. BMJ, 326, 449.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nandhra, H., Murray, G., Hymas, N. and Hunt, N. (2004). Medical records: doctors’ and patients’ experiences of copying letters to patients. Psychiatric Bulletin, 28, 40–42.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
O'Driscoll, B. R., Koch, J. and Paschalides, C. (2003). Copying letters to patients: most patients want copies of letters from outpatient clinics and find them useful. BMJ, 327, 451.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ong, Y. L., Benbow, S. M., Black, S. and Garner, J. (2007). A consumer group: reflections on experience of involving users and carers in the work of the Faculty of Old Age Psychiatry. Quality in Ageing, 8, 45–49.Google Scholar
Payne, G. and Jobanputra, P. (2006) Copying correspondence to patients. Rheumatology, 45, 493–494.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pilgrim, D. and Waldron, L. (1998). User involvement in mental health service development: how far can it go? Journal of Mental Health, 7, 95–104.Google Scholar
Repper, J. and Breeze, J. (2007). User and carer involvement in the training and education of health professionals: a review of the literature. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 44, 511–519.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Restall, G. and Strutt, C. (2008). Participation in planning and evaluating mental health services: building capacity. Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal, 31, 234–238.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Scheyett, A. and Diehl, M. J. (2004). Walking our talk in social work education: partnering with consumers of mental health services. Social Work Education, 23, 435–450.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shier, H. (2001). Pathways to participation: openings, opportunities and obligations. Children and Society, 15, 107–111.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shier, H. (2006). Pathways to participation revisited. Middle Schooling Review (New Zealand). 2, 14–19. Available at: http://www.harryshier.110mb.com/docs/Shier-Pathways_to_Participation_Revisited_NZ2006.pdf; last accessed 21 April 2011.Google Scholar
Skog, M., Grafstrom, M., Negussie, B. and Winblad, B. (2000). The patient as “teacher”: learning in the care of elderly persons with dementia. Nurse Education Today, 20, 288–297.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tew, J., Gell, C. and Foster, S. (2004). Learning from Experience: Involving Service Users and Carers in Mental Health Education and Training. Available at: http://www.positive-options.com/news/downloads/HEA_and_NIMHE_-_Learning_from_experience_-_2004.pdf; last accessed 21 April 2011.Google Scholar
Treloar, A. and Adamis, D. (2005). Sharing letters with patients and their carers: problems and outcomes in elderly and dementia care. Psychiatric Bulletin, 29, 330–333.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tritter, J. Q. and McCallum, A. (2006). The snakes and ladders of user involvement: moving beyond Arnstein. Health Policy, 76, 156–168.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Walters, K., Buszewicz, M., Russell, J. and Humphrey, C. (2003). Teaching as therapy: cross-sectional and qualitative evaluation of patients’ experiences of undergraduate psychiatry teaching in the community. BMJ, 326, 740–745.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Waterson, J. and Morris, K. (2005), Training in “social” work: exploring issues of involving users in teaching on social work degree programmes. Social Work Education, 24, 653–675.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wright, P., Turner, C., Clay, D. and Mills, H. (2006). The Participation of Children and Young People in Developing Social Care. SCIE Guide 11. Available at: http://www.scie.org.uk/publications/guides/guide11/index.asp; last accessed 21 April 2011.Google Scholar
Wykurz, G. and Kelly, D. (2002). Developing the role of patients as teachers: literature review. BMJ, 325, 818–821.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Young-Min, S. A., Hamilton, J., Heycock, C. and Kelly, C. (2004). Copying clinic letters to patients will place additional demands on both secondary and primary care: a hospital outpatient questionnaire. Rheumatology, 43, 1306–1307.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed