P148: Montessori as a tool to engage the elderly with dementia – literature review

Abstract

Objective:

The aim of this review was to describe the usage and efficacy of Montessori senior methods of engaging the elderly with dementia reported in the existing literature.

Methods:

Three databases were searched (PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus) using the key words “Montessori” “senior”. No date restrictions were placed. Inclusion criteria specified: language of the article (English), type of article (research) and the necessity of the Montessori intervention being directed at seniors.

Results:

The search initially identified 15 articles. After eliminating duplicates and evaluating titles and abstracts three studies were included in the review. One focused on staff-led Montessori interventions, and two analyzed the effectiveness and benefits of elderly-le interventions – residents of facilities who were screened using MMS and trained to provide activities for their less lower cognitive functioning peers were selected. The total number of participants from all studies was: 55 people (10 leaders and 45 participants). All three studies reported positive, statistically significant improvements in participants’ functioning. All studies used the MPES to asses psychological variables (constructive engagement (CE), passive engagement (PE), other engagement (OE), pleasure (P).

In first study (Skrajner&Camp, 2007) (CE: p<0.01 and p<0.001); OE: p<0.001, p<0.01; NE: p<0.05, p<0.01; P: p<0.01, p<0.05) classes conducted using the Montessori method were significantly more effective than those conducted using the traditional method among the same group of seniors.

Other two studies reported improvement among observations during Montessori classes scores vs scores during regular activities – Camp and Skrajner, 2004 - CE: p<0.01; OE: p<0.001; P: p<0.06); Orsulic-Jeras, Judge, Camp, 200 - CE: p<0.01, Affect Rating Scale: Pleasure: p<.001 (treatment), p<0.03 (time), Anxiety/Fear: p<0.003 (treatment), p<0.003 (time)).

Conclusion:

The research identified indicates the positive impact that Montessori-based programmes can have on elderly people with dementia. More studies need to be conducted, because the number of participants in the current study is relatively small. Further research with larger number of participants is needed to fully prove the effectiveness of Montessori programs implemented delivered to or by older people.