Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-dlnhk Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-30T20:08:33.851Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Other magnetic resonance imaging techniques

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  15 August 2011

Klaus P. Ebmeier ,
Nicola Filippini ,
Verena Heise  and
Claire E. Sexton
Klaus P. Ebmeier*
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, UK
Nicola Filippini
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, UK
Verena Heise
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, UK
Claire E. Sexton
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, UK
*
Correspondence should be addressed to: Professor K. P. Ebmeier, University Department, Warneford Hospital, Oxford OX3 7JX, UK. Phone and Fax: +44 1865 226469; Email: [email protected].
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Relatively new developments in MRI, such as functional MRI (fMRI), magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) are rapidly developing into imaging modalities that will become clinically available in the near future. They have in common that their signal is somewhat easier to interpret than structural MRI: fMRI mirrors excess cerebral blood flow, in many cases representing brain activity, MRS gives the average volume concentrations of specific chemical compounds, and DTI reflects “directedness” of micro-anatomical structures, of particular use in white matter where fiber bundle disruption can be detected with great sensitivity. While structural changes in MRI have been disappointing in giving a diagnosis of sufficient sensitivity and specificity, these newer methods hold out hope for elucidating pathological changes and differentiating patient groups more rigorously. This paper summarizes promising research results that will yet have to be translated into real life clinical studies in larger groups of patients (e.g. memory clinic patients). Where available, we have tried to summarize results comparing different types of dementia.

Keywords

APOE genotypedementia with Lewy bodiesfrontotemporal dementiaAlzheimer's diseasevascular dementianeuro-imagingdifferential diagnosisfunctional MRIdiffusion tensor imaging
Type
Review Article
Information
International Psychogeriatrics , Volume 23 , Supplement S2: Clinical use of neuroimaging in dementia: an international perspective , September 2011 , pp. S50 - S57
Copyright
Copyright © International Psychogeriatric Association 2011

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Acosta-Cabronero, J., Williams, G. B., Pengas, G. and Nestor, P. J. (2010). Absolute diffusivities define the landscape of white matter degeneration in Alzheimer's disease. Brain, 133, 529–539.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Arthurs, O. J. and Boniface, S. (2002). How well do we understand the neural origins of the fMRI BOLD signal? Trends in Neuroscience, 25, 27–31.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bai, F. et al. (2009). Abnormal integrity of association fiber tracts in amnestic mild cognitive impairment. Journal of Neurological Science, 278, 102–106.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bartzokis, G. (2004). Age-related myelin breakdown: a developmental model of cognitive decline and Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiology of Aging, 25, 5–18; author reply 49–62.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bozzali, M. et al. (2002). White matter damage in Alzheimer's disease assessed in vivo using diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry, 72, 742–746.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bozzali, M. et al. (2005). Brain tissue damage in dementia with Lewy bodies: an in vivo diffusion tensor MRI study. Brain, 128, 1595–1604.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Buckner, R. L., Snyder, A. Z., Sanders, A. L., Raichle, M. E. and Morris, J. C. (2000). Functional brain imaging of young, nondemented, and demented older adults. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 12 (Suppl. 2), 24–34.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Celone, K. A. et al. (2006). Alterations in memory networks in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease: an independent component analysis. Journal of Neuroscience, 26, 10222–10231.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chen, T. F. et al. (2009). Diffusion tensor changes in patients with amnesic mild cognitive impairment and various dementias. Psychiatry Research, 173, 15–21.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dennis, N. A. et al. (2010). Temporal lobe functional activity and connectivity in young adult APOE ε4 carriers. Alzheimer's Dementia, 6, 303–311.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dickerson, B. C. et al. (2005). Increased hippocampal activation in mild cognitive impairment compared to normal aging and AD. Neurology, 65, 404–411.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Duan, J. H. et al. (2006). White matter damage of patients with Alzheimer's disease correlated with the decreased cognitive function. Surgical Radiology and Anatomy, 28, 150–156.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fayed, N., Davila, J., OliverosA., Jr. A., Jr., Medrano, J. and Castillo, J. (2010). Correlation of findings in advanced MR techniques with global severity scales in patients with some grade of cognitive impairment. Neurological Research, 32, 157–165.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fellgiebel, A. et al. (2004). Ultrastructural hippocampal and white matter alterations in mild cognitive impairment: a diffusion tensor imaging study. Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders, 18, 101–108.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Filbey, F. M., Chen, G., Sunderland, T. and Cohen, R. M. (2010). Failing compensatory mechanisms during working memory in older apolipoprotein E-ε4 healthy adults. Brain Imaging and Behavior, 4, 177–188.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Filippini, N. et al. (2009). Distinct patterns of brain activity in young carriers of the APOE-ε4 allele. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science of the United States of America, 106, 7209–7214.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Filippini, N. et al. (2011). Differential effects of the APOE genotype on brain function across the lifespan. Neuroimage, 54, 602–610.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Greicius, M. D., Srivastava, G., Reiss, A. L. and Menon, V. (2004). Default-mode network activity distinguishes Alzheimer's disease from healthy aging: evidence from functional MRI. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science of the United States of America, 101, 4637–4642.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hamalainen, A. et al. (2007). Increased fMRI responses during encoding in mild cognitive impairment. Neurobiology of Aging, 28, 1889–1903.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Heise, V., Filippini, N., Ebmeier, K. P. and Mackay, C. E. (2010). The APOE ε4 allele modulates brain white integrity in healthy adults. Molecular Psychiatry. Epublished ahead of print, doi:10.1038/mp.2010.90.Google Scholar
Honea, R., Vidoni, E., Harsha, A. and Burns, J. (2009). Impact of APOE on the healthy aging brain: a voxel-based MRI and DTI study. Journal of Alzheimer's Disease, 18, 553–564.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Johnson, S. C. et al. (2006). Activation of brain regions vulnerable to Alzheimer's disease: the effect of mild cognitive impairment. Neurobiology of Aging, 27, 1604–1612.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jones, R. S. and Waldman, A. D. (2004). 1H-MRS evaluation of metabolism in Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia. Neurological Research, 26, 488–495.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kantarci, K. et al. (2009). Risk of dementia in MCI: combined effect of cerebrovascular disease, volumetric MRI, and 1H MRS. Neurology, 72, 1519–1525.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kantarci, K. et al. (2010). Dementia with Lewy bodies and Alzheimer disease: neurodegenerative patterns characterized by DTI. Neurology, 74, 1814–1821.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kircher, T.T. et al. (2007). Hippocampal activation in patients with mild cognitive impairment is necessary for successful memory encoding. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry, 78, 812–818.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lee, J. E. et al. (2010). A comparative analysis of cognitive profiles and white-matter alterations using voxel-based diffusion tensor imaging between patients with Parkinson's disease dementia and dementia with Lewy bodies. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry, 81, 320–326.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Li, H. et al. (2008). Candidate single-nucleotide polymorphisms from a genomewide association study of Alzheimer disease. Archives of Neurology, 65, 45–53.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lin, A. P., Tran, T. T. and Ross, B. D. (2006). Impact of evidence-based medicine on magnetic resonance spectroscopy. NMR Biomedicine, 19, 476–483.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Machulda, M. M. et al. (2003). Comparison of memory fMRI response among normal, MCI, and Alzheimer's patients. Neurology, 61, 500–506.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mielke, M. M. et al. (2009). Regionally-specific diffusion tensor imaging in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease. Neuroimage, 46, 47–55.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nakata, Y. et al. (2009). Diffusion abnormality in the posterior cingulum and hippocampal volume: correlation with disease progression in Alzheimer's disease. Magnetic Resonance Imaging, 27, 347–354.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ota, M. et al. (2009). Degeneration of dementia with Lewy bodies measured by diffusion tensor imaging. NMR Biomedicine, 22, 280–284.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Paul, R. H. et al. (2007). Proton MRS and neuropsychological correlates in AIDS dementia complex: evidence of subcortical specificity. Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, 19, 283–292.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Penner, J., Rupsingh, R., Smith, M., Wells, J. L., Borrie, M. J. and Bartha, R. (2010). Increased glutamate in the hippocampus after galantamine treatment for Alzheimer disease. Progress in Neuropsychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry, 34, 104–110.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Prvulovic, D., van de Ven, V., Sack, A. T., Maurer, K. and Linden, D. E. (2005). Functional activation imaging in aging and dementia. Psychiatry Research, 140, 97–113.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rombouts, S. A., van Swieten, J. C., Pijnenburg, Y. A., Goekoop, R., Barkhof, F. and Scheltens, P. (2003). Loss of frontal fMRI activation in early frontotemporal dementia compared to early AD. Neurology, 60, 1904–1908.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sauer, J., ffytche, D. H., Ballard, C., Brown, R. G. and Howard, R. (2006). Differences between Alzheimer's disease and dementia with Lewy bodies: an fMRI study of task-related brain activity. Brain, 129, 1780–1788.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Schwindt, G. C. and Black, S. E. (2009). Functional imaging studies of episodic memory in Alzheimer's disease: a quantitative meta-analysis. Neuroimage, 45, 181–190.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sexton, C. E., Kalu, U. G., Filippini, N., Mackay, C. E. and Ebmeier, K. P. (2010a). A meta-analysis of diffusion tensor imaging in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiology of Aging. Epublished ahead of print, doi: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2010.05.019.Google ScholarPubMed
Sexton, C. E. et al. (2010b). MRI correlates of episodic memory in Alzheimer's disease, mild cognitive impairment, and healthy aging. Psychiatry Research 184, 57–62.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Small, S. A., Perera, G. M., DeLaPaz, R., Mayeux, R. and Stern, Y. (1999). Differential regional dysfunction of the hippocampal formation among elderly with memory decline and Alzheimer's disease. Annals of Neurology, 45, 466–472.3.0.CO;2-Q>CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Smith, C. D. et al. (2010). White matter diffusion alterations in normal women at risk of Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiology of Aging, 31, 1122–1131.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sorg, C. et al. (2007). Selective changes of resting-state networks in individuals at risk for Alzheimer's disease. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science of the United States of America, 104, 18760–18765.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sperling, R. (2007). Functional MRI studies of associative encoding in normal aging, mild cognitive impairment, and Alzheimer's disease. Annals of the New York Academy of Science, 1097, 146–155.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sperling, R. A. et al. (2003). fMRI studies of associative encoding in young and elderly controls and mild Alzheimer's disease. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry, 74, 44–50.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stromillo, M. L. et al. (2009). Structural and metabolic brain abnormalities in preclinical cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leucoencephalopathy. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry, 80, 41–47.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Trachtenberg, A. J., Filippini, N. and Mackay, C. E. (2010). The effects of APOE-ε4 on the BOLD response. Neurobiology of Aging. Epublished ahead of print, doi: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2010.03.009.Google ScholarPubMed
Ukmar, M., Makuc, E., Onor, M. L., Garbin, G., Trevisiol, M. and Cova, M. A. (2008). Evaluation of white matter damage in patients with Alzheimer's disease and in patients with mild cognitive impairment by using diffusion tensor imaging. Radiological Medicine, 113, 915–922.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Watanabe, T., Shiino, A. and Akiguchi, I. (2010). Absolute quantification in proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy is useful to differentiate amnesic mild cognitive impairment from Alzheimer's disease and healthy aging. Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders, 30, 71–77.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Watson, R., Blamire, A. M. and O'Brien, J. T. (2009). Magnetic resonance imaging in lewy body dementias. Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders, 28, 493–506.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Whitwell, J. L. et al. (2010). Gray and white matter water diffusion in the syndromic variants of frontotemporal dementia. Neurology, 74, 1279–1287.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Zarei, M. et al. (2009). Regional white matter integrity differentiates between vascular dementia and Alzheimer disease. Stroke, 40, 773–779.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Zhang, Y. et al. (2009). White matter damage in frontotemporal dementia and Alzheimer's disease measured by diffusion MRI. Brain, 132, 2579–2592.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed