Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-lj6df Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-17T11:24:22.515Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Kana Pick-out Test and brain perfusion imaging in Alzheimer's disease

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  15 October 2010

Yuki Kishimoto ,
Seishi Terada ,
Shuhei Sato ,
Naoya Takeda ,
Hajime Honda ,
Osamu Yokota  and
Yosuke Uchitomi
Yuki Kishimoto
Affiliation:
Department of Neuropsychiatry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
Seishi Terada*
Affiliation:
Department of Neuropsychiatry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
Shuhei Sato
Affiliation:
Department of Radiology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
Naoya Takeda
Affiliation:
Department of Neuropsychiatry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
Hajime Honda
Affiliation:
Department of Neuropsychiatry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
Osamu Yokota
Affiliation:
Department of Neuropsychiatry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
Yosuke Uchitomi
Affiliation:
Department of Neuropsychiatry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
*
Correspondence should be addressed to: Dr. Seishi Terada, Department of Neuropsychiatry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Okayama 700-8558, Japan. Phone: +81-86-235-7242, Fax: +81-86-235-7246. Email: [email protected].
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Background: The Kana Pick-out Test (KPT), which was developed in Japan, is suitable for evaluating frontal lobe function and screening for mild dementia. However, the neural substrates involved remain to be elucidated. The aim of the present study was to identify the regional perfusion patterns in the brain associated with performance scores on the KPT in patients with mild Alzheimer's disease (AD), using brain perfusion assessed by single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT).

Methods: Twenty AD patients with high scores on the KPT and 20 age- and sex-matched AD patients with low scores were selected from 227 consecutive Japanese patients of the Memory Clinic of Okayama University Hospital. All 40 subjects underwent brain SPECT with 99mTc-ethylcysteinate dimer, and the SPECT images were analyzed by Statistical Parametric Mapping.

Results: With the exception of KPT scores, no significant differences were found between high and low scoring groups with respect to Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination scores, Mini-mental State Examination scores, or the depression score of the Neuropsychiatric Inventory subscale. Compared to patients with high scores on the KPT, AD patients with low scores on the KPT showed significant hypoperfusion in the left subgenual cingulate gyrus (SGC) extending to the right SGC.

Conclusions: Our results suggest that functional activity of the SGC is closely related to scores on the KPT. KPT might be a promising strategy to use in detecting early stages of AD with low SGC function.

Keywords

Alzheimer's disease (AD)cerebral blood flow (CBF)Kana Pick-out Test (KPT)single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)Statistical Parametric Mapping (SPM)
Type
Research Article
Information
International Psychogeriatrics , Volume 23 , Issue 4 , May 2011 , pp. 546 - 553
Copyright
Copyright © International Psychogeriatric Association 2010

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Bak, T. H., Rogers, T. T., Crawford, L. M., Hearn, V. C., Mathuranath, P. S. and Hodges, J. R. (2005). Cognitive bedside assessment in atypical parkinsonian syndromes. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry, 76, 420–422. doi:10.1136/jnnp.2003.029595.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Baker, S. C. et al. (1996). Neural systems engaged by planning: a PET study of the Tower of London task. Neuropsychologia, 34, 515–526.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bechara, A., Damasio, A. R., Damasio, H. and Anderson, S. W. (1994). Insensitivity to future consequences following damage to human prefrontal cortex. Cognition, 50, 7–15.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Braak, H. and Braak, E. (1991). Neuropathological staging of Alzheimer-related changes. Acta Neuropathologica, 82, 239–259.Google Scholar
Bradley, K. M. et al. (2002). Cerebral perfusion SPET correlated with Braak pathological stage in Alzheimer's disease. Brain, 125, 1772–1781.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cummings, J. L., Mega, M., Gray, K., Rosenberg-Thompson, S., Carusi, D. A. and Gornbein, J. (1994). The Neuropsychiatric Inventory: comprehensive assessment of psychopathology in dementia. Neurology, 44, 2308–2314.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Doyon, J., Owen, A. M., Petrides, M., Sziklas, V. and Evans, A. C. (1996). Functional anatomy of visuomotor skill learning in human subjects examined with positron emission tomography. European Journal of Neuroscience, 8, 637–648.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Drevets, W. C., Savitz, J. and Trimble, M. (2008). The subgenucal anterior cingulated cortex in mood disorders. CNS Spectrums, 13, 663–681.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dupont, P., Orban, G. A., De Bruyn, B., Verbruggen, A. and Mortelmans, L. (1994). Many areas in the human brain respond to visual motion. Journal of Neurophysiology, 72, 1420–1424.Google Scholar
Feldman, H., Sauter, A., Donald, A., Gelinas, I., Gauthier, S., Torfs, K., Parys, W. and Mehnert, A. (2001). The Disability Assessment for Dementia scale: a 12-month study of functional ability in mild to moderate severity Alzheimer disease. Alzheimer Disease and Associated Disorders, 15, 89–95.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Folstein, M. F., Folstein, S. E. and McHugh, P. R. (1975). “Mini-mental state”: a practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician. Journal of Psychiatry Research, 12, 189–198.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fouquet, M. et al. (2009). Longitudinal brain metabolic changes from amnestic mild cognitive impairment to Alzheimer's disease. Brain, 132, 2058–2067. doi:10.1093/brain/awp132.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Friston, K. J. et al. (1995a). Spatial realignment and normalization of images. Human Brain Mapping, 2, 165–189.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Friston, K. J. et al. (1995b). Statistical parametric maps in functional imaging: a general approach. Human Brain Mapping, 2, 189–210.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hirono, N. et al. (1997). Japanese version of the Neuropsychiatric Inventory: a scoring system for neuropsychiatric disturbance in dementia patients. Brain and Nerve, 49, 266–271 (in Japanese with English abstract).Google ScholarPubMed
Hokoishi, K. et al. (2001). Interrater reliability of the Physical Self-Maintenance Scale and the Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Scale in a variety of health professional representatives. Aging and Mental Health, 5, 38–40.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hughes, C. P., Berg, L., Danziger, W. L., Coben, L. A. and Martin, R. L. (1982). A new clinical scale for the staging of dementia. British Journal of Psychiatry, 140, 566–572.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Inoue, M., Suyama, A., Kato, T., Urakami, K., Nakashima, K. and Meshitsuka, S. (2003). Development of computerized Kana Pick-out Test for the neuropsychological examination. Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine, 70, 271–276. doi:10.1016/S0169-2607(02)00029-9.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kaneko, M. (1996). A neuropsychological index of aging: data from 9000 elderly people. Nippon Ronen Igakkai Zasshi, 33, 811–815 (in Japanese).Google ScholarPubMed
Lawton, M. P. and Brody, E. M. (1969). Assessment of older people: self-maintaining and instrumental activities of daily living. Gerontologist, 9, 179–186.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lozano, A. M., Mayberg, H. S., Giacobbe, P., Hamani, C., Craddock, R. C. and Kennedy, S. H. (2008). Subcallosal cingulate gyrus deep brain stimulation for treatment-resistant depression. Biological Psychiatry, 64, 461–467. doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2008.05.034.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mathuranath, P. S., Nestor, P. J., Berrios, G. E., Rakowicz, W. and Hodges, J. R. (2000). A brief cognitive test battery to differentiate Alzheimer's disease and frontotemporal dementia. Neurology, 55, 1613–1620.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McKhann, G., Drachman, D., Folstein, M., Katzman, R., Price, D. and Stadlan, E. M. (1984). Clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease: report of the NINCDS-ADRDA Work Group under the auspices of Department of Health and Human Services Task Force on Alzheimer's disease. Neurology, 34, 939–944.Google Scholar
Nakatsuka, H., Matsubara, I. and Ohtani, H. (2003). Evaluation by statistical brain perfusion SPECT analysis on MRI findings, Kana Pick-out Test and Mini-mental State Examination results in patients with forgetfulness. No To Shinkei, 55, 328–334 (in Japanese).Google Scholar
Njegovan, V., Hing, M. M., Mitchell, S. L. and Molnar, F. J. (2001). The hierarchy of functional loss associated with cognitive decline in older persons. Journal of Gerontology, Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences, 56, M638–643.Google Scholar
Rolls, E. T. (2000). The orbitofrontal cortex and reward. Cerebral Cortex, 10, 284–294.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rolls, E. T. (2004). The functions of the orbitofrontal cortex. Brain and Cognition, 55, 11–29. doi:10.1016/S0278-2626(03)00277-X.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rosen, H. J., Allison, S. C., Schauer, G. F., Gorno-Tempini, M. L., Weiner, M. W. and Miller, B. L. (2005). Neuroanatomical correlates of behavioural disorders in dementia. Brain, 128, 2612–2625. doi:10.1093/brain/awh628.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tachibana, A. et al. (2007). Activation of prefrontal area by attention task (Kana Pick-out Test). Neuroscience Research, 58, S128.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tamura, I., Kikuchi, S., Otsuki, M., Kitagawa, M. and Tashiro, K. (2003). Deficits of working memory during mental calculation in patients with Parkinson's disease. Journal of the Neurological Sciences, 209, 19–23. doi:10.1016/S0022-510X(02)00457-4.Google Scholar
Vogt, B. A. (2005). Pain and emotion interactions in subregions of the cingulate gyrus. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 6, 533–544. doi:10.1038/nrn1704.Google Scholar
Yoshida, H. et al. (2010). Validation of Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination for detecting early dementia in a Japanese population. Psychiatry Research. E-published ahead of print: doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2009.06.012.Google Scholar