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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 02 February 2024
Telehealth has been an important method of health care delivery during the pandemic, particularly for older adults who have been more vulnerable to the physical and psychosocial impacts of the pandemic and associated isolation. Older adults have specific medical and mental health care needs that would benefit from having access to geriatric speciality services, however these services may be difficult to access especially for those living in rural areas. Though the use of technology and telehealth has greatly expanded during the pandemic, many health systems and clinicians lack the necessary knowledge, skills and attitudes to fully integrate technology in the health care of older adults. General telehealth competencies are available to guide educators, however, competencies to address the unique needs of older adults have yet to be developed.
This literature review was conducted to evaluate what approaches are needed for clinicians to gain skills and knowledge in order to competently deliver telehealth services to older adults.
The review was completed using the six-stage scoping review process in line with the PRISMA checklist in PubMed/Medline and other databases from years 2000 to 2023 based on concept areas of (I) education/competencies, (II) telehealth delivery and (III) older adults.
From a total of 813 articles, the authors found 88 eligible for full text review and 16 papers sufficiency relevant to the search criteria. Some evidence exists for telehealth competencies specifically for clinicians caring for older adults. Themes that emerged include the role of interprofessional and experiential learning, telepresence, technology training and support, and adaptations for older adults. Education of clinicians and trainees increased knowledge of its usefulness and improved attitudes related to acceptance and utilization. Training rather than ad hoc exposure to telehealth technology was emphasized. Clinician/student-provided training improved access and acceptance to telehealth in older adults. Suggested adaptations for older patients included the involvement of caregivers in the visit, especially for patients with cognitive impairment.
It appears that training – more than ad hoc experience – for clinicians and trainees increases knowledge, skills and attitudes toward telehealth for the care of older adults. Additional research is needed to define training interventions, cross-sectional versus longitudinal approaches and specify competencies (i.e., skills) and optimal learning methods.
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