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Factors associated with caregiver burden: comparative study between Brazilian and Spanish caregivers of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 March 2016

Maria Fernanda B. Sousa ,
Raquel L. Santos ,
Oriol Turró-Garriga ,
Rachel Dias ,
Marcia C. N. Dourado  and
Josep L. Conde-Sala
Maria Fernanda B. Sousa*
Affiliation:
Center for Alzheimer's Disease, Institute of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Raquel L. Santos
Affiliation:
Center for Alzheimer's Disease, Institute of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Oriol Turró-Garriga
Affiliation:
Research Unit, Santa Caterina Hospital, Institut d'Assistència Sanitària, Salt, Spain
Rachel Dias
Affiliation:
Center for Alzheimer's Disease, Institute of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Marcia C. N. Dourado
Affiliation:
Center for Alzheimer's Disease, Institute of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Josep L. Conde-Sala
Affiliation:
Faculty of Psychology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
*
Correspondence should be addressed to: Maria Fernanda B. Sousa, Avenida Venceslau Brás, 71 – fundos - Botafogo, 22290-140 - Rio de Janeiro - Brazil. Phone: +55 21 988490677. Email: [email protected].
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Abstract

Background:

Transcultural studies regarding the comparison of levels of burden in caregivers of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) from Europe and Latin America are rare. We designed this study to investigate the differentiating factors associated with burden in Brazilian and Spanish caregivers of patients with AD.

Methods:

This is a cross-sectional study composed by samples of outpatients with AD and their caregivers from Brazil (n = 128) and Spain (n = 146). Caregivers answered the Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI) and a Sociodemographic Questionnaire. Patients were assessed with the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Functional Activities Questionnaire (FAQ), Disability Assessment for Dementia (DAD), Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI), and Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) Scale.

Results:

In the multivariate regression analysis, high burden levels were reported in Brazil, when caregivers were female (p = 0.025) and when patients did not attend Day Care Center (p = 0.025). In Spain, high burden levels were associated with living with the patient (p = 0.014), younger caregivers (p = 0.003), and participation of patients at Day Care Center (p = 0.046). Also, different neuropsychiatric symptoms explained high burden levels: in Brazil, depression (p < 0.001) and anxiety (p = 0.024) and, in Spain, apathy/indifference (p < 0.001), agitation/aggression (p = 0.019) and irritability/lability (p = 0.027).

Conclusions:

Caregivers’ gender, patients who attended Day Care Center and neuropsychiatric symptoms were differentiating factors in the burden of Brazilian and Spanish caregivers.

Keywords

Alzheimer's diseasefamily caregiversburdenneuropsychiatric symptomsDay Care Centertranscultural studies
Type
Research Article
Information
International Psychogeriatrics , Volume 28 , Issue 8 , August 2016 , pp. 1363 - 1374
Copyright
Copyright © International Psychogeriatric Association 2016 

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