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Factorial validity of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale short form in older population in China

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  14 October 2013

Huajuan Chen  and
Ada C. Mui
Huajuan Chen*
Affiliation:
George Warren Brown School of Social Work, Washington University in St. Louis, MO, USA
Ada C. Mui
Affiliation:
Columbia University School of Social Work, New York, NY, USA Sau Po Centre on Ageing, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
*
Correspondence should be addressed to: Huajuan Chen, MSW, George Warren Brown School of Social Work, Washington University in St. Louis, Campus Box 1196, One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA. Phone: +(1)646-427-7141; Fax: +(1)314-935-8511. Email: [email protected].
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Abstract

Background:

The objective of this study was to explore the factor structure of a shortened ten-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D 10) used in a national survey in China.

Methods:

This secondary research is based on the wave I (2011) of the China Health Aging Retirement and Longevity Study (CHARLS). CHARLS recruited a nationally representative community sample of households with members aged 45 years or above. A subsample of 742 respondents aged 60 years and older were used for this study. Confirmatory factor analyses were conducted to test three competing models and determine the best-fit model for the elderly Chinese sample. Factorial invariance across gender was also examined. R2 coefficient was used to measure the reliability of each item.

Results:

Confirmatory factor analysis supported the two-factor model as having the best fit. Depressive affect and somatic symptoms were the first factor while positive affect was loaded as the second factor. The multi-group analysis showed that the two-factor structure varied across the male and female groups in China (χ2 (df = 86) = 144.13, p < 0.001). Moreover, gender differences were indicated by individual item reliability scores, mean score, and prevalence rate of depressive symptoms.

Conclusion:

The CES-D 10 Scale indicated adequate reliability and validity for the community-dwelling older population in China. In addition, the data revealed that perception and expression of depressive feelings was different between male and female elderly people.

Keywords

CES-D short formolder Chinesefactor analysis
Type
Research Article
Information
International Psychogeriatrics , Volume 26 , Issue 1 , January 2014 , pp. 49 - 57
Copyright
Copyright © International Psychogeriatric Association 2013 

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