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Anxiety symptoms and risk of cognitive decline in older community-dwelling men

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 April 2017

Ahmed M. Kassem ,
Mary Ganguli Open the ORCID record for Mary Ganguli [Opens in a new window] ,
Kristine Yaffe ,
Joseph T. Hanlon ,
Oscar L. Lopez ,
John W. Wilson ,
Jane A. Cauley  and
for the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men (MrOS) Study Research Group
Ahmed M. Kassem
Affiliation:
Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
Mary Ganguli
Affiliation:
Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA Departments of Psychiatry and Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
Kristine Yaffe
Affiliation:
Departments of Psychiatry, Neurology and Epidemiology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
Joseph T. Hanlon
Affiliation:
Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
Oscar L. Lopez
Affiliation:
Departments of Psychiatry and Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
John W. Wilson
Affiliation:
Department of Biostatistics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
Jane A. Cauley*
Affiliation:
Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
*
Correspondence should be addressed to: Jane A. Cauley, DrPH, Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, 130 DeSoto Street, A510 Crabtree Hall, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA. Phone: 412-624-3057; Fax: 412-624-7397. Email: [email protected].
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Abstract

Background:

Previous research regarding anxiety as a predictor of future cognitive decline in older adults is limited and inconsistent. We examined the independent relationship between anxiety symptoms and subsequent cognitive decline.

Methods:

We included 2,818 community-dwelling older men (mean age = 76.1, SD ±5.3 years) who were followed on an average for 3.4 years. We assessed anxiety symptoms at baseline using the Goldberg Anxiety Scale (GAS; range = 0–9). We assessed cognitive function at baseline and at two subsequent visits using the Modified Mini-Mental State Examination (3MS; global cognition) and the Trails B test (executive function).

Results:

At baseline, there were 690 (24%) men with mild anxiety symptoms (GAS 1–4) and 226 (8%) men with moderate/severe symptoms (GAS 5–9). Men with anxiety symptoms were more likely to have depressed mood, poor sleep, more chronic medical conditions, and more impairment in activities of daily living compared to those with no anxiety symptoms. Compared to those with no anxiety symptoms at baseline, men with any anxiety symptoms were more likely to have substantial worsening in Trails B completion time (OR = 1.56, 95% CI 1.19, 2.05). The association was attenuated after adjusting for potential confounders, including depression and poor sleep, but remained significant (OR = 1.40, 95% CI 1.04, 1.88).

Conclusion:

In cognitively healthy older men, mild anxiety symptoms may potentially predict future decline in executive functioning. Anxiety is likely a manifestation of an underlying neurodegenerative process rather than a cause.

Keywords

agingcommunity sampleepidemiologyexecutive function
Type
Research Article
Information
International Psychogeriatrics , Volume 29 , Issue 7 , July 2017 , pp. 1137 - 1145
Copyright
Copyright © International Psychogeriatric Association 2017 

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