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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 27 February 2017
On December 18, 2014, the Grand Chamber of the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) issued its judgment in International Stem Cell Corporation v. Comptroller General of Patents, Designs and Trade Marks. The Court held that the term “human embryo” does not cover unfertilized human eggs produced by parthenogenesis (parthenotes).
1 Case C-364/13, International Stem Cell Corporation v. Comptroller General of Patents, Designs & Trademarks (Dec. 18, 2014), http://curia.europa.eu/juris/celex.jsf?celex=62006CJ0279&langl=en&type=TXT&ancre= [hereinafter International Stem Cell].
2 Case C-34/10, Brüstle v. Greenpeace e.V., 2011 E.C.R. I-0982.
3 Council Directive 98/44/EC, 1998 OJ. (L 213) (EU).
4 Id. paras. 15, 16.
5 International Stem Cell, supra note 1, ¶ 25
6 Id. ¶ 12.
7 International Stem Cell Corporation v. Comptroller-General of Patents, [2014] 2 R.P.C. 89, 89-90 (Eng.).
8 Case C-364/13, International Stem Cell Corporation v. Comptroller-General of Patents, Opinion of Advocate General Cruz Villalón, ¶ 69 (July 17, 2014), http://curia.europa.eu/juris/document/document.jsf?text=&docid=155123&pagelndex=0&doclang=en&mode=lst&dir=&occ=flrst&part=l&cid=1076027.
9 International Stem Cell, supra note 1, ¶31.
10 Id. ¶ 28.
11 Id. ¶ 24.
12 Case T-561/14, One of Us and Others v. Parlement and Others (July 25, 2014), http://curia.europa.eu/juris/document/document.jsf?text=&docid=160007&pagelndex=0&doclang=en&mode=lst&dir=&occ=flrst&part=l&cid=188122.
13 Parrillo v. Italy, Eur. Ct. H.R. (Aug. 27, 2015), http:// hudoc.echr.coe.int/eng?i&eq;001-157263.
14 For an example of a promising project that has reached the clinical trial phase, see University College London’s First Phase One trial to determine the safety of transplanted cells. Phase I Trial to Determine the Safety of Transplanting Stem Cell-Derived Retinal Cells, University College London, https://www.ucl.ac.uk/ioo/genetics/gene-and-cell-therapy/our-research-programme/current-gene-cell-therapy-clinical-trials/accordion 01/ACT-stem-cells (last updated July 7, 2015). More generally, see Eurostemcell Hub, http://www.eurostemcell.org/ (last visited Aug. 15, 2016).
* This text was reproduced and reformatted from the text available at the Court of Justice of the European Union website (visited August 1, 2016), http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri&eq;;CELEX%3A62013CJ0364.