United States v. Layton

Abstract

Relationship of international law and municipal law — Treaties — Effect in municipal law — National legislation implementing treaties — Interpretation — Legislation not implementing all provisions of relevant article of Treaty — Presumption that Congress intended to legislate in a manner which fulfilled treaty obligations of the United States

Jurisdiction — Principles — Territorial principle — Protective principle — Nationality principle — Passive personality principle — Extraterritorial jurisdiction — Presumption against extraterritorial effect of legislation — Whether extraterritorial jurisdiction can be inferred from statute

Treaties — Effect in municipal law — Implementing legislation — United States legislation implementing the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of Crimes against Internationally Protected Persons, 1973, Article 3 — Legislation not implementing all provisions of relevant article of Treaty — The law of the United States