Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-xbtfd Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-05T07:48:08.417Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Silkworm disease incidence trends during the years 1992–2011 in the Murshidabad district of West Bengal, India

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  13 September 2017

Zakir Hossain ,
Satadal Chakraborty ,
Sunil Kumar Gupta ,
Atul Kumar Saha  and
Bharat Bhushan Bindroo
Zakir Hossain*
Affiliation:
Central Sericultural Research & Training Institute, Central Silk Board, P.O. Berhampore, District Murshidabad, West Bengal, India
Satadal Chakraborty
Affiliation:
Central Sericultural Research & Training Institute, Central Silk Board, P.O. Berhampore, District Murshidabad, West Bengal, India
Sunil Kumar Gupta
Affiliation:
P2 Basic Seed Farm, National Silkworm Seed Organization, Central Silk Board, Purnea, Bihar, India
Atul Kumar Saha
Affiliation:
Central Sericultural Research & Training Institute, Central Silk Board, P.O. Berhampore, District Murshidabad, West Bengal, India
Bharat Bhushan Bindroo
Affiliation:
Central Sericultural Research & Training Institute, Central Silk Board, P.O. Berhampore, District Murshidabad, West Bengal, India
*
*E-mail: [email protected]
Get access

Abstract

The Murshidabad District of West Bengal, India has practised traditional mulberry sericulture since time immemorial. One of the most important aspects for sustainable development of the sericulture industry is the control and prevention of silkworm diseases. The main objective of this study was to determine silkworm disease incidence over the period 1992–2011 in Murshidabad District and how environmental factors have contributed towards their occurrence. Data were collected from a crop-wise survey of silkworm diseases from 25 farmers (five farmers from five villages), who each had a separate rearing house, were progressive and had a capacity of rearing at least 100 disease free layings (dfls) in each crop. Disease incidence was expressed in percentage and calculated taking into consideration 40,000 larvae per 100 dfls. Crop-wise silkworm disease mortality data were correlated with meteorological data. Data collected from the continuous survey conducted in the district during 1992–2011 revealed that there was no set pattern of occurrence of silkworm diseases. However, maximum mortality (up to 30%) of silkworm due to diseases in all the seasons occurred mainly due to grasserie, as relative humidity remains high for most part of the year in this area. However, other than grasserie, for most of the period, disease incidence was below 10%. This observation of the dominance of grasserie over other diseases in causing silkworm mortality calls for renewed emphasis on the preventive measures and development of disease forecasting models, for disease control. Another observation was that since 1993, pebrine, the deadliest disease of the silkworm, has not been reported from the farmers’ fields.

Keywords

Bombyx morisericultureflacheriemuscardinegrasseriepebrine
Type
Research Paper
Information
International Journal of Tropical Insect Science , Volume 37 , Issue 4 , December 2017 , pp. 259 - 270
Copyright
Copyright © icipe 2017 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Anonymous (1992) Annual Report, pp. 62–89. Central Sericultural Research & Training Institute, Mysore.Google Scholar
Anonymous (2008) Chapter VII: The sericulture & silk textiles industry, pp. 91–102. In Annual Report 2007–08. Ministry of Textiles, Govt. of India, New Delhi.Google Scholar
Anonymous (2013) Highlights of Activities: Annual Report 2012–13. Central Silk Board, Bangalore. 130 pp.Google Scholar
Benchamin, , K. V. and Jolly, , M. S. (1986) Principles of silkworm rearing, pp. 63–106. In Proceedings of Seminar on Problems and Prospects of Sericulture (Edited by Mahalingam, S.). Vellore, India: Tamil Nadu Agriculture University.Google Scholar
Chattopadhyay, G. K. and Chatterjee, S. N. (1990) Need for advanced genetical research in silkworm Bombyx mori L., pp. 7.1.4. In Workshop Manual: Cloning and Characterization of Animal Gene (edited by Gupta, P. K. and Mondal, R. K.). DBT Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Bose Institute, Calcutta University, India.Google Scholar
Chishti, M. Z. and Schaf, K. A. (1990) Studies on the polyhedral diseases of silkworm, Bombyx mori L. in Jammu and Kashimir State. Indian Journal of Sericulture 29, 155–157.Google Scholar
Doreswamy, C., Govindan, R., Devaiah, M. C. and Muniswamappa, M. V. (2004) Deterioration of cocoon traits of silkworm, Bombyx mori L. by the synergistic infection with late larval flacherie pathogens. Karnataka Journal of Agricultural Science 17, 345–348.Google Scholar
Ghosh, J., Senapati, S. K. and Baral, K. (2000) Performance of silkworm breeds with reference to disease occurrence during different seasons under terai ecological conditions of West Bengal. Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 70, 234–238.Google Scholar
Hazel, J. R. (1995) Thermal adaptation in biological membranes: Is homeoviscous adaptation the explanation? Annual Review of Physiology 57, 19–42.Google Scholar
Jayramaiah, M., Kuberappa, G. C., Devaiah, M. C. and Kalikal, Y. (1986) White muscardine disease of silkworm and its management. Indian Silk 25, 15–16.Google Scholar
Krishnan, N. (2000) Survey of silkworm diseases in different sericultural districts of West Bengal. In Annual Report. Central Sericultural Research & Training Institute, Central Silk Board, Berhampore, India.Google Scholar
Kumar, K. P. K. and Naik, S. S. (2011) Development of polyvoltinex bivoltine hybrids of mulberry silkworm, Bombyx mori L. tolerant to BmNPV. International Journal of Zoological Research 7, 300–309. doi: 10.3923/ijzr.2011.300.309.Google Scholar
Lakshminarayana, Reddy P., Shankar, Naik S. and Sivarami, Reddy N. (2002) Implications of temperature and humidity on the adult eclosion patterns in silkworm Bombyx mori L. Journal of Entomological Research 26, 223–228.Google Scholar
Liu, S.-X. (1984) Identification on the resistance of silkworm, Bombyx mori L. races to six types of silkworm diseases [nuclear polyhedrosis virus, cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus, Densovirus, Bacillus thuringiensis, pebrine spores, sodium fluoride]. Sericologia 24, 377–382.Google Scholar
Prabhakara, M. K., Bala Venkatasubbaiah, M., Siva, P. V., Baig, M. and Datta, R. K. (1990) Rate of spread of white muscardine in silkworm rearing. Indian Journal of Sericulture 36, 81–87.Google Scholar
Rajasekhar, R., Prasad, B., Subramanyam, R. C., Bhaskar, M., Murali, K. and Govindappa, S. (1992) Variations in the tissue biochemical composition in the Muscardine infected silkworm larvae Bombyx mori (L). Indian Journal of Comparative Animal Physiology 10, 40–44.Google Scholar
Samson, M. V., Baig, M., Sharma, S. D., Balavenkatasubbaiah, M., Sasidharan, T. O. and Jolly, M. S. (1990) Survey on the relative incidence of silkworm diseases in Karnataka, India. Indian Journal of Sericulture 29, 248–254.Google Scholar
Savanurmath, C. J., Basavarajappa, S., Hinchigeri, S. B., Ingalhalli, S. S., Singh, K. K. and Sanakal, D. (1994) Relative incidence of the silkworm viral diseases in agroclimatic zones of Northern Karnataka, India. Bulletin of Sericulture Research Bangladesh 5, 51–55.Google Scholar
Selvakumar, T., Nataraju, B., Balavenkatasubbaiah, M., Sivaprasad, V., Baig, M., Kumar, V., Sharma, S. D., Thiagarajan, V. and Datta, R. K. (2002) A report on the prevalence of silkworm diseases and estimated crop loss, pp. 354–357. In Advances in Indian Sericulture Research (edited by Dandin, S. B. and Gupta, V. P.). Central Sericultural Research & Training Institute (CSR&TI), Central Silk Board, Mysore, India.Google Scholar
Shirota, T. (1992) Selection of healthy silkworm strain through high temperature rearing of fifth instar larvae. Reports of the Silk Science Research Institute 40, 33–40.Google Scholar
Singh, B. D., Baig, M., Balavenkatasubbaiah, M., Sharma, S. D., Sengupta, K. and Sivarami Reddy, N. (1990) Studies on the relative susceptibility of different breeds of silkworm (Bombyx mori L.) to diseases under natural conditions. Indian Journal of Sericulture 29, 142–144.Google Scholar
Sivaprakasam, N. and Rabindra, R. J. (1995) Incidence of Grasserie in silkworm, Bombyx mori L in selected districts of Tamil Nadu. Indian Journal of Sericulture 34, 100–104.Google Scholar
Srivastava, A. and Kumar, R. V. (2009) Efficacy of three antibiotics on reduction of mortality rate in mulberry silkworm (Bombyx mori L.) in the monsoon season of Lucknow. Trends in Biosciences 2, 33–35.Google Scholar
Steinhaus, E. A. (1949) Principles of Insect Pathology. McGraw Hill, New York. 757 pp.Google Scholar
Tanada, Y. (1963) Epizootiology of infectious diseases, pp. 423–475. In Insect Pathology: An Advanced Treatise Vol. 2 (edited by Steinhaus, E. A.). Academic Press, New York.Google Scholar
Tazima, Y. and Ohnuma, A. (1995) Preliminary experiments on the breeding procedure for synthesizing a high temperature resistant commercial strain of the silkworm, Bombyx mori L. Reports of the Silk Science Research Institute 43, 1–16.Google Scholar
Ueda, S., Kimura, R. and Suzuki, K. (1975) Studies on the growth of the silkworm, Bombyx mori. IV Mutual relationship between the growth in the fifth instar larvae and productivity of silk substance and eggs. Bulletin of the Sericultural Experiment Station Japan 26, 233–247.Google Scholar
Ueda, S. and Lizuka, H. (1962) Studies on the effects of rearing temperature affecting the health of silkworm larvae and upon the quality of cocoons—1. Effect of temperature in each instar. Acta Sericologia (in Japanese) 41, 6–21.Google Scholar
Vijaya Kumari, K. M., Rajan, R. K., Himantharaj, M. T., Nataraj, B. and Rekha, M. (2001) Influence of temperature and relative humidity on the rearing performance and disease incidence in CSR hybrid silkworms, Bombyx mori L. International Journal of Industrial Entomology 3, 113–116.Google Scholar
Willmer, P., Stone, G. and Johnston, I. (2004) Environmental Physiology of Animals. Wiley–Blackwell, Oxford, UK. 768 pp.Google Scholar