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Revue des methodes de lutte contre Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae), ravageur des graines de niébé (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp) en Afrique tropicale

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 September 2011

V. Lienard  and
D. Seck
V. Lienard
Affiliation:
Unité et Zoologie générale et appliquée, Faculté des Sciences Agronomiques 2, Passage des Déportés, B-5030 Gembloux
D. Seck
Affiliation:
Unité et Zoologie générale et appliquée, Faculté des Sciences Agronomiques 2, Passage des Déportés, B-5030 Gembloux
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Abstract

Callosobruchus maculatus (Coleoptera: Bruchidae), commonly known as the cowpea seed beetle, is the most important pest of stored cowpea in tropical Africa. In rural area where preservation techniques and facilities are limited, it causes post-harvest weight and quality losses. The importance of damages which can reach 100% in a few months justifies the development of effective and appropriate control methods in the villages. All these control methods and their applications are discussed in this paper. Chemical control is inappropriate at farm level, because of its cost and hazards. The many studies conducted on varietal resistance have enabled identification of varieties that are more or less resistant to this pest; however, the varieties are often of little interest from the agronomic point of view. The incorporation of that resistance in cultivated varieties is in progress. The physical control methods are inadequate because their application requires equipment and technical knowledge which are not found in rural areas. Biological control is an attractive alternative but is still at an experimental stage. All these limitations support promotion of traditional control methods. Among them, the use of inert substances as well as indigenous plants or their by-products have given, in many cases, a satisfactory control of C. maculatus.

Résumé

Callosobruchus maculatus (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) ou bruche du niébé est un des ravageurs les plus redoutables des graines de niébé en Afrique tropicale. En zone rurale où les techniques de conservation des denrées sont rudimentaires, ce ravageur entraîne des pertes post-récolte pouvant atteindre 100% en quelques mois. L'importance des dégâts occasionnés a justifié le développement de méthodes de contrôle efficaces et applicables en milieu villageois. L'ensemble de ces méthodes sont passées en revue et l'applicabilité de chacune d'entre elles est discutée. Il s'avère que la lutte chimique est inadaptée au monde rural compte tenu de son coût et des dangers liés à son utilisation. Les nombreux travaux effectués sur la résistance variétale ont permis d'identifier des variétés plus ou moins résistantes à ce ravageur; toutefois, ces variétés sont souvent peu intéressantes du point de vue agronomiques. L'incorporation de cette résistance dans des variétés acceptables n'a pas encore donné satisfaction. Les méthodes physiques de lutte sont souvent insutfisantes pour assurer une protection efficace des stocks et de plus, demandent un équipement et des connaissances techniques approfondies. Quant à la lutte biologique, bien que prometteuse, elle n'en est encore qu'au stade de recherche. Toutes ces restrictions placent les méthodes traditionnelles de lutte parmi les plus efficaces et les plus usitées. Ainsi, l'utilisation de la flore indigène et de ses dérivés, de substances inertes, le contrôle de l'humidité et de la température, ainsi que l'appiication des méthodes préventives entraînent une réduction significative des populations de C. maculatus et donc, diminuent les pertes post-récolte.

Keywords

Callosobruchus maculatusniébéVigna unguiculata (L.) Walpméthodes de lutteAfrique tropicaleCallobruchus maculatuscowpeaVigna unguiculata (L.) Walpcontrol methodstropical Africa
Type
Research Articles
Information
International Journal of Tropical Insect Science , Volume 15 , Issue 3 , June 1994 , pp. 301 - 311
Copyright
Copyright © ICIPE 1994

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