Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-jn8rn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-19T09:48:35.587Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

The response of trypanosome-infected water buffaloes and cattle in different areas of fly challenge to normal therapeutic doses of trypanocidal drugs

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 September 2011

B. C. Njau ,
P. A. Mkonyi  and
K. A. M. Lekaki
B. C. Njau
Affiliation:
Animal Diseases Research Institute, P.O. Box 9254 Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
P. A. Mkonyi
Affiliation:
Animal Diseases Research Institute, P.O. Box 9254 Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
K. A. M. Lekaki
Affiliation:
Animal Diseases Research Institute, P.O. Box 9254 Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
Get access

Abstract

Laboratory examination of blood smears from water buffaloes in an area of high fly challenge indicated an infection rate of 51.11 % caused by both Trypanosoma congolense and T. vivax. A similar study in cattle raised in a low fly challenge area showed an infection rate of 22.73% caused by T. congolense only. Diminazene aceturate administered as a single dose at 3.5 mg/kg body weight cured the infection in cattle, while a similar dose at 7 mg/kg body weight failed to cure the water buffaloes. Cattle were further protected by a single dose of isometamidium chloride administered at 0.5 mg/kg body weight for 6 weeks of this study. On the other hand, isometamidium chloride administered at 1 mg/kg body weight cured transiently 90% of the infected water buffaloes and 10% persisted with a T. congolense infection. It was concluded that the lower dose rates approved by the manufacturers for the two trypanocides treated adequately infected cattle in a low challenge area, but such results were not achieved with the higher dose rates for infected water buffaloes in a high fly challenge area.

Résumé

L'examen de frottis sanguins de buffles (Bubalus bubalus) provenant d'une région fortement infestée de mouches tsé-tsé indique un taux d'infection de 51.11%, dû à Trypanosoma congolense et T. vivax. Une étude similaire concernant les vaches dans une zone peu infestée montre un taux d'infection de 22.73%, cause par T. congolense uniquement. De l'acéturate de diminazène administré en une dose de 3.5 mg/kg de poids vif soigne l'infection des vaches, alors que les buffles ne sont pas soignés par une dose de 7 mg'kg. Les vaches ont ensuite été protégées pendant 6 semaines grâce à une dose unique de 0.5 mg/kg de chlorure d'isométamidium, tandis que cette même drogue administrée à raison de 1 mg/kg ne soignait transitoirement que 90% des buffles, les 10% restant présentant une infection à T. congolense. On peut donc en conclure que les faibles doses recommandées par les fabricants pour chaque trypanocides sont adaptées à des vaches exposés à de faibles infestations, mais non à des buffles vivant dans des zones lourdement infestées par les glossines.

Keywords

Trypanosomiasisfly challengewater buffaloescattlediminazeneisometamidiumdrug doses
Type
Research Articles
Information
International Journal of Tropical Insect Science , Volume 7 , Issue 6 , December 1986 , pp. 741 - 745
Copyright
Copyright © ICIPE 1986

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Agu, W. E. (1984) The effect of isometamidium chloride on Trypanosoma vivax occurring within the insect vector, Glossina. Z. Parasitenkd. 70, 431–435.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ali, B. H., Hassan, T. and Malik, K. H. (1985) Clinical evaluation of samorin in Trypanosoma evansi infection in Camelus dromedarius. J. Vet. Pharmac. Therm. 8, 208–210.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Anon (1974) FAO/WHO Joint Meeting of Investigations on the Immunology of East Coast Fever. Nairobi, Kenya.Google Scholar
Anon (1982) Annual Report, Livestock Diseases Diagnosis 1982–83. Central Veterinary Laboratory, Dar es Salaam.Google Scholar
Boid, R., Amin, E. A. El, Mharaoud, M. M. and Luckins, A. G. (1981) Trypanosoma evansi infections and antibodies in goats, sheep and camels in Sudan. Trop. Anim. Hlth Prod. 13, 141–146.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ford, J. and Blaser, E. (1971) Some aspects of cattle raising under prophylactic treatment against trypanosomiasis on Mkwaja Ranch, Tanzania. Acta trop. 28, 69–79.Google ScholarPubMed
Hassanali, A., McDowell, P. G., Owaga, M. L. A. and Saini, R. K. (1986). Identification of tsetse fly attractants from excretory products of wild host animal, Syncerus caffer. Insect Sci. Applic. 7, 5–9.Google Scholar
Hoare, C. A. (1957) The spread of African trypanosomes beyond their natural range. Z. Tropenmed: Parasit. 8, 157–161.Google Scholar
Hoare, C. A. (1970) The mammalian trypanosomiasis of Africa: diagnosis. In The African Trypanosomiases (Edited by Mulligan, H. W.), p. 14. (George) Allen & Unwin, London.Google Scholar
Hoeve, K. van and Cunningham, M. P. (1964) Prophylactic activity of Berenil against trypanosomiasis in treated cattle. Vet. Rec. 76, 260.Google Scholar
Katyega, P. M. J. (1982) Performance of the Egyptian water buffaloes at Mpwapwa, Tanzania. Bull. Anim. Prod. Afr. 30, 297–303.Google Scholar
Kaw, M. L. and Verma, B. B. (1984) Effect of isometamidium chloride (Samorin, M & B) against experimental Trypanosoma evansi infection (Surra) in calves. Indian vet. J. 61, 954–957.Google Scholar
Kupper, W. and Wolters, M. (1981) Observations on drug resistance of Trypanosoma congolense and Trypanosoma vivax in cattle at a feedlot in Northern Ivory Coast. Z. Tropenmed. Parasit. 34, 203–205.Google Scholar
Lohr, K. F., Pohlpark, S., Srikitjakan, L., Thaboran, P., Bettermann, G. and Staak, C. (1985) Trypanosoma evansi infection in buffaloes in North Eastern Thailand. I. Field investigation. Trop. Anim. Hlth Prod. 17, 121–125.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Njau, B. C., Mkonyi, P. A. and Kundy, D. J. (1981) Berenil resistant Trypanosoma congolense isolated from naturally infected goats in Tanga region, Tanzania. In International Scientific Conference on Trypanosomiasis Research and Control, 17th Meeting (Arusha), pp. 289–298.Google Scholar
Pinder, M. and Authie, E. (1984) The appearance of isometamidium resistant Trypanosoma congolense in West Africa. Acta trop. 41, 247–252.Google ScholarPubMed
Staak, C. (1976) Complement fixation test in Trypanosoma vivax infections. Vet. Rec. 99, 57.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Welde, B. T. and Chumo, D. A. (1983) Persistence of Berenil in cattle. Trop. Anim. Hlth Prod. 15, 149–150.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Whitelaw, D. D., Moulton, J. E., Morrison, W. I. and Murray, M. (1985) Central nervous system involvement in goats undergoing primary infection with Trypanosoma brucei and relapse after chemotherapy. Parasitology 90, 255–268.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wiessenhutter, E. (1975) Research into the relative importance of Tabanidae (Diptera) in mechanical disease transmission. III Epidemiology of anaplasmosis in a Dar-es-Salaam dairy farm. Trop. Anim. Hlth Prod. 7, 15–22.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Woo, P. K. (1969) The hematocrit centrifugation technique for the detection of trypanosomiasis in blood. Can. J. Zool. 47, 921–923.CrossRefGoogle Scholar