Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-2plfb Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-24T10:50:05.933Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Resistance to the rice gall midge, Orseolia Oryzae in rice

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 September 2011

E. A. Heinrichs  and
P. K. Pathak
E. A. Heinrichs
Affiliation:
International Rice Research Institute, P.O. Box 933, Manila, Philippines
P. K. Pathak
Affiliation:
International Rice Research Institute, P.O. Box 933, Manila, Philippines
Get access

Abstract

Orseolia oryzae, the rice gall midge, is a major pest of rice in many areas of tropical Asia and is becoming an important pest in Africa. A chronological review of the progress made in various national programmes on varietal resistance, sources of resistance and breeding for resistance is given. Many resistant varieties have been identified and have been utilized in breeding programmes to develop high yielding varieties with multiple resistance to the gall midge and other insect pests and diseases. Mechanisms and inheritance of resistance in rice varieties are discussed. Rice varieties resistant in various countries and sources of resistance used in breeding programmes are listed. Biotype variations in different countries and within the countries are revealed, and a preliminary classification of gall midge biotypes based on varietal reactions is proposed.

Résumé

— Variétés de riz résistantes à Orseolia oryzae et mécanismes de résistance. Orseolia oryzae (“rice gall midge”) est un parasite important du riz en Asie tropicale qui commence à se développer en Afrique. Une revue chronologique des travaux effectués sur la resistance variétale du riz a O. oryzae et ses mécanismes indique que de nombreuses variétés résistantes out été découvertes et utilisées pour des croisements génétiques. Des variétés à haut niveau de production présentant une résistance multiple à O. oryzae ainsi qù à d'autres parasites ont été obtenues. Une liste des variétés parentales résistantes et des variétés utilisées pour les croisements génétiques est donnée. Les mecanismes et les caractères génétiques de la résistance à O. oryzae sont discutés. Différents biotypes d O. oryzae ont été distingués suivant les régions et une classification préliminaire fondée sur la susceptibilité et la résistance de différentes variétés de riz est proposée.

Keywords

Antibiosisbiotypesbreeding for resistancedistributioninduced resistanceinheritance of resistancemechanism of resistanceOrseolia oryzaeresistant varietiesrice gall midgesources of resistancevarietal resistancewild rices
Type
Research Article
Information
International Journal of Tropical Insect Science , Volume 1 , Issue 2 , June 1981 , pp. 123 - 132
Copyright
Copyright © ICIPE 1981

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Alam, S., Rezaul Karim, A. N. M. and Nurullah, C. M. (1979) Work on varietal resistance of rice to important insects pests at BRRI (1970–77). Bangladesh Rice Research Institute. April 2, 1979. 22 p. (mimeo.)Google Scholar
AICRIP (All-India Coordinated Rice Improvement Project) (1969) Progress Report, Kharif 1969. Vol. 3. Indian Council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi, India.Google Scholar
AICRIP (All-India Coordinated Rice Improvement Project) (1978) Gall midge biotypes studies (GMBS). Progress Report, Kharif, 1978. p. 319–320. Indian Council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi, India.Google Scholar
Anonymous (1963) CAB (1951–74) Distribution maps of insect pests. Series A (Agricultural). CIE Map No. A171.Google Scholar
Anonymous (1975) International Rice Gall Midge Nursery (IRGMN). Rice Entornol. Newsl. No. 2, 18. International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, Philippines.Google Scholar
Anonymous (1976) RD varieties developed in Thailand from 1969 to 1975. Intl. Rice Comm. Newsl. 25, 38–39.Google Scholar
Anonymous (1977) Summary of GEU activities in Sukamandi 1976–1977. 28 p. (mimeo.) Central Research Institute for Agriculture, Sukamandi, Indonesia.Google Scholar
Anonymous (1978) Rice breeding program (Indonesia). In International Rice Research Conference, 1978. International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, Philippines. (mimeo.)Google Scholar
Arifin, K. and Vreden, G.v. (1977) Mass rearing of the rice gall midge, Orseolia oryzae (Wood-Mason). Contr. Centr. Res. Inst. Agrie. Bogor No. 32, 15 p.Google Scholar
Balasubramanian, M. and Purushothaman, D. (1971) Effect of gall midge (Pachydiplosis oryzae, Wood-Mason) on indole acetic acid and tryptophan contents in rice (Oryza sativa L.). Ind. J. Exp. Biol. 9, 526–527.Google Scholar
BRRI (Bangladesh Rice Research Institute). (1979) Annual report for 1975–76. 68 p.Google Scholar
Barnes, H. F. (1956) Gall midges of economic importance, Vol. III. Gall midges of cereal crops, p. 204–210. Crosby Lockwood, London, 261 p.Google Scholar
Bhat, M. V., Patel, G. A. and Gokavi, M. A. (1958) Investigations on paddy gall midge (Pachydiplosis oryzae W. M.). Part II. Varietal resistance to gall midge. Ind. J. Entomol. 20, 21–26.Google Scholar
CRRI (Central Rice Research Institute) (1952) Annual report of Central Rice Research Institute, Cuttack. 1951–52, 19 p.Google Scholar
CRRI (Central Rice Research Institute) (1961) Technical report of the Central Rice Research Institute for the year 1958–1960, Cuttack, India, 42 p.Google Scholar
CRRI (Central Rice Research Institute) (1963) Technical report of the Central Rice Research Institute for the year 1962, Cuttak, India, 137 p.Google Scholar
CRRI (Central Rice Research Institute) (1964) Technical report of the Central Rice Research Institute for the year 1963, Cuttack, India, 220 p.Google Scholar
CRRI (Central Rice Research Institute) (1965) Technical report of the Central Rice Research Institute for the year 1964, Cuttack, India, 273 p.Google Scholar
CRRI (Central Rice Research Institute) (1974) Annual report 1974. Indian Council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi, India. 400 p.Google Scholar
CRRI (Central Rice Research Institute) (1975) Annual report 1975. Indian Council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi, India.Google Scholar
Chatterji, S. M., Prasad, K., Misra, B. C. and Rajamani, S. (1977) Identification of gall midge (Orseolia oryzae Wood-Mason) resistance rice germ plasm and their utilization in breeding. J. Ent. Res. 1, 111–113.Google Scholar
Descamps, M. (1956) Deux dipters nuisibles au riz dans le Nord Cameroun-Pachydiplosis oryzae (Wood-Mason), Pachylophus sp. aff. lugens Loew. Phytiatrie-Phytopharm. 5, 109–116.Google Scholar
Fernando, H. E. (1964) Insect pests of rice in Ceylon. In The Major Insect Pests of the Rice Plant, pp. 575–589. Johns Hopkins Press, Baltimore, Maryland, 729 p.Google Scholar
Fernando, H. E. (1972a) Ecological studies on the rice gall midge, Pachydiplosis oryzae (Wood-Mason) (Dipt.. Ceci-domyiidae), in Ceylon. Japan Pest Inf. 10, 121–122.Google Scholar
Fernando, H. E. (1972b) Biology and laboratory culture of the rice gall midge and studies on varietal resistance. In Rice Breeding, pp. 343–352. International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, Philippines. 738 p.Google Scholar
Gallun, R. L. (1977) Genetic basis of Hessian fly epidemics. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 287, 223 229.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Grist, D. H. and Lever, R. J. A. W. (1969) Pests of Rice, pp. 252–255. Longmans, London. 520 p.Google Scholar
Guru, K. M. and Roy, J. K. (1974) Studies on biochemical differences in rice in relation to gall midge resistance. Sambalpur Univ. J. 7, 23–25.Google Scholar
Harahap, Z., Arifin, K., Vreden, V. v. and Partoatmodjo, A. (1977) Varietal improvement for resistance to rice gall midge. Paper presented at ”Simposium I Peranan Hasil Penelitian Padi dan Palawija datum Pemhangunan Pertanian” 26–29 September 1977, Maros, Indonesia, 9 p. (mimeo.)Google Scholar
Hegdekatti, R. M. (1927) The rice gall midge in North Canara. Agrie. J. India 22, 461–463.Google Scholar
Hidaka, T. (1971) Studies on ecology and control of rice-gall midge. Report from Tropical Agriculture Research Center (TARC). Nekken Shiryo No. 21, 75–81.Google Scholar
Hidaka, T. (1974) Recent studies on the rice gall midge. Orseolia oryzae (Wood-Mason) (Cecidomyiidae, Diptera). Rev. Plant Protect. Res. 7, 99–143.Google Scholar
Hidaka, T. and Vungsilabutr, P. (1971) Study on larval development of rice gall midge on susceptible and resistant rice varieties. Annual Report, 1971, pp. 404–412. Rice Department, Ministry of Agriculture, Bangkok, Thailand. 728 p.Google Scholar
Hidaka, T., Vunsilabutr, P. and Rajamani, S. (1977) Geographical differentiation of the rice gall midge, Orseolia oryzae (Wood-Mason) (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae). Appi. Ent. Zool 12, 4–8.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hill, D. S. (1975) Agricultural Insect Pests of the Tropics and Their Control, pp. 320–321. Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, London, 516 p.Google Scholar
Huang, C. K. (1957) Study on Pachydiplosis oryzae Wood-Mason in Fu-Chien Province. (In Chinese). East China Sci. Agr. J. 6, 293–304.Google Scholar
Israel, P. and Vedamoorthy, G. (1953) Annual report of the Central Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, India, 1951–52. Entom. Div. Govt. of India Press, Calcutta. 19 p.Google Scholar
Israel, P., Rao, Y. S. and Prakasa Rao, P. S. (1963) Reaction of wild rices and tetraploid strains of cultivated rices to incidence of gallfly. Oryza 1, 119–124.Google Scholar
Israel, P., Vedamoorthy, G. and Rao, Y. S. (1961) Varietal resistance to the gall midge Pachydiplosis oryzae Wood-Mason and other insect pests of paddy. FAO-IRC Working Party on Rice Production and Protection, 9th Meeting, New Delhi, India. Paper No. 21, 5 p. (mimeo.)Google Scholar
Israel, P., Rao, Y. S., Roy, J. K., Panwar, M. S. and San-Taram, G. (1970) New weed hosts for the rice gall midge. Int. Rice Comm. Newsl. 19, 14–19.Google Scholar
Kalode, M. B. (1973) Host plant resistance to insect pests in rice varieties. Paper presented at the Summer Institute on Insect Plant Relationship held at Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 25 May, 1973.Google Scholar
Kalode, M. B. (1979) Control of the rice gall midge. Orseolia oryzae in India. Paper presented at the International Rice Research Workshop, Guangzhou, China, 22–23 October, 1979. 32 p. (mimeo.)Google Scholar
Kalode, M. B. and Kasiviswanathan, P. R. (1976) Changes in relative status of insect pests in rice. Ind. J. Plant Protect. 4, 79–91.Google Scholar
Kalode, M. B., Krishna, T. S., Pophaly, D. J. and Lakshminarayana, A. (1977) Note on new donors having multiple resistance to major insect pests of rice. Ind. J. Agrie. Sci. 47, 626–627.Google Scholar
Kalode, M. B., Pophaly, D. J., Kasiviswanathan, P. R. and Sreeramulu, M. (1977) Studies on resistance and mass rearing of rice gall midge, Orseolia (Pachydiplosis) oryzae (Wood-Mason). Madras Agrie. J. 64, 773–739.Google Scholar
Kalode, M. B., Sastry, M. V. S., Pophaly, D. J. and Prakasa Rao, P. S. (1977) Biotypic variation in rice gall midge, Orseolia (Pachydiplosis) oryzae (Wood-Mason), Mani. J. Biol. Sci. 19, 62–65.Google Scholar
Khamboonruang, V. (1973) Inheritance of gall midge resistance in rice. Unpublished MS Thesis, Kasetsart University, Thailand, 29 p.Google Scholar
Khan, M. Q. and Murthy, D. V. (1955) Some notes on the rice gallfly, Pachydiplosis oryzae (W.M.) J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 53, 97–102.Google Scholar
Khush, G. S. (1977) Disease and insect resistance in rice. Adv. Agron. 29, 265–341.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kovitvadhi, K. (1963) Field experiments in varietal resistance to the gall midge in Thailand (mimeo.)Google Scholar
Krishnamurthy Rao, B. H. and Krishnamoorthy, C. (1964) Studies on the varietal resistance to the attack of paddy gallfly, Pachydiplosis oryzae (W.M.). Andhra Agrie. J. 11, 137–143.Google Scholar
Leuamsang, P., Bhandhufalck, A. and Wongsiri, T. (1968) Mass rearing technique of rice gall midge Pachydiplosis oryzae (Wood-Mason) and notes on its biology. Int. Rice Comm. Newsl. 17, 34–42.Google Scholar
Li, C. S. and Chiu, S. F. (1951) A study of the rice gall midge Pachydiplosis oryzae Wood-Mason. J. Taiwan Agrie. Res. 2, 1–13.Google Scholar
Mani, M. S. (1973) Plant Galls of India, p. 290. Macmillan India, Delhi. 354 p.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Misra, B. C. and Kulshreshtha, J. P. (1971) Screening for green leafhopper and gall midge resistance in rice. Oryza 8, 145–152.Google Scholar
Modder, W. W. D. and Alagoda, A. (1971) A comparison of the susceptibility of the rice varieties IR8 and Warangal 1263 to attack by the gall midge, Pachydiplosis oryzae (Wood-Mason). Bull. Ent. Res. 61, 745–753.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Narashimha Rao, K. V. L. (1970) Inheritance of resistance to rice gall midge. Pachydiplosis oryzae Wood-Mason. Unpublished MS Thesis, Andhra Pradesh Agriculture University, Hyderabad, India.Google Scholar
Nguyên, C. T. (1922) Note sur une Cédidomyie du riz (Pachydiplosis oryzae Wood-Mason). Bull. Econ. Indoch. 25, 590–593.Google Scholar
Ou, S. H. and Kanjanasoon, P. (1961) A note on a gall midge resistant rice variety in Thailand. Int. Rice Comm. Newsl. 10, 9.Google Scholar
Pai, M. and Rao, K. H. (1958) Studies on the incidence of gallfly on paddy. Mysore Agrie. J. 33, 136–138.Google Scholar
Panda, N. (1978a) Field evaluation of chelated boron and zinc in controlling rice gall midge, Pachydiplosis oryzae (W.M.) Mani. Proc. 65th Session, Indian Sci. Congr. III, p. 75.Google Scholar
Panda, N. (1978b) Rice gall midge problem and future plan of research. In International Rice Research Conference, 1978. International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, Philippines. 4 p. (mimeo.)Google Scholar
Perera, N. and Fernando, H. E. (1970) Infestation of young rice plants by the rice gall midge, Pachydiplosis oryzae (Wood-Mason) (Dipt. Cecidomyiidae), with special reference to shoot morphogenesis. Bull. Ent. Res. 59, 605–613.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Perera, N. and Fernando, H. E. (1969) Laboratory culture of the rice gall midge, Pachydiplosis oryzae (Wood-Mason). Bull. Ent. Res. 58, 439–454.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Prakasa Rao, P. S. (1971) Nature of gall midge resistance in rice. Student's seminar, Central Rice Research Institute (CRRI), Cuttack, 10 p. (mimeo.)Google Scholar
Prakasa Rao, P. S. (1972) Ecology and control of Tryporyza incertulas Walker and Pachydiplosis oryzae (Wood-Mason) Mani in rice. Unpublished Ph. D. Thesis, Utkal University, Bhubaneswar, India. 282 p.Google Scholar
Prakasa Rao, P. S., Sastry, M. V. S., Roy, J. K. and Israel, P. (1974) Breeding for insect resistance in rice. Ind. J. Genet. 34A. 430–439.Google Scholar
Pongprasert, S., Kovitvadhi, K., Leuamsang, P. and Jackson, B. R. (1972) Progress in mass rearing, field testing, and breeding for resistance to the rice gall midge in Thailand. In Rice Breeding, pp. 367–373. International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, Philippines. 738 p.Google Scholar
Prasad, K., Chatterji, S. M. and Misra, B. C. (1975) Inheritance of gall midge (Pachydiplosis oryzae Wood-Mason) resistance in rice with particular reference to cytoplasmic influence on its expression. Curr. Sci. 44, 636–637.Google Scholar
Prasad, K., Misra, B. C., Anjenylu, A., Reddy, P. R., Raja-Mani, S. and Chatterji, S. M. (1977) Breeding for multiple resistance in rice. J. Ent. Res. 1, 220–221.Google Scholar
Ramchandra Rao, Y. (1924) A further contribution to the knowledge of South Indian gall midges. Report Proc. Entom. Meeting, Pusa, 1923, 270–274.Google Scholar
Rao, Y. S., Israel, P., Yadava, C. P. and Roy, J. K. (1971) Nature of gall midge resistance in rice. Curr. Sci. 40, 497–498.Google Scholar
Reddy, D. B. (1967) The rice gall midge, Pachydiplosis oryzae (Wood-Mason). In Major Insect Pests of the Rice Plant, pp. 457–491. Johns Hopkins Press, Baltimore, Maryland, 729 p.Google Scholar
Roy, J. K., Israel, P. and Panwar, M. S. (1969) Breeding for insect resistance in rice. Oryza 6, 38–44.Google Scholar
Roy, J. K., Israel, P. and Panwar, M. S. (1971) Breeding for resistance to insect pests. Oryza 8 (Suppl.), 129–134.Google Scholar
Roy, J. K., Kalode, M. B. and Prasad, K. (1978) Breeding rice varieties for resistance to pests. In National Symposium on Increasing Rice Yield in Kharif Feb. 8–11, 1978. Central Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, India. 15 p. (mimeo.)Google Scholar
Saivaraj, K., Chandramohan, N., Govindan, N. and Kumaraswami, T. (1979) Evaluation of rice strains for resistance to gall midge and leafroller. Int. Rice Res. Newsl. 4, 7.Google Scholar
Sastry, M. V. S. and Prakasa Rao, P. S. (1973) Inheritance of resistance to rice gall midge Pachydiplosis oryzae Wood-Mason. Curr. Sci. 42, 652–653.Google Scholar
Sastry, M. V. S. and Prakasa Rao, P. S. (1976) Promising new multiple insect resistant rice varieties. Curr. Sci. 45, 424–425.Google Scholar
Sastry, M. V. S., Prakasa Rao, P. S. and Seetharaman, S. (1975) Inheritance of gall midge resistance in rice and linkage relations. Ind. J. Genet. 35, 156–165.Google Scholar
Sastry, M. V. S., Kalode, M. B., Rao, U. P. and Pophaly, D. J. (1976) Inheritance and interrelationship of genes governing resistance to rice gall midge Orseolia oryzae. J. Biol. Sci. 19, 25–27.Google Scholar
Satyanarayanaiah, K. and Reddi, M. V. (1972) Inheritance of resistance to insect gall midge (Pachydiplosis oryzae (Wood-Mason) in rice). Andhra Agric. J. 19, 1–8.Google Scholar
Sen, S. C. (1957) Bionomics of paddy gall midge in Bihar. Proc. 44th Indian Sci. Congr. Part III, 402.Google Scholar
Seshu, D. V., Prakasa Rao, P. S., Kalode, M. B., Shastry, S. V. S., Sastry, M. V. S., Srinivasan, T. E., Rao, J. R., Misra, B. C., Prasad, K., Rao, U. P., Kulshreshtha, J. P. and Roy, J. K. (1974) Breeding for resistance to rice gall midge, leafhoppers and planthoppers in India. In International Rice Research Conference, 1974. International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, Philippines. 9 p. (mimeo.)Google Scholar
Shastry, S. V. S. and Seshu, D. V. (1971) Current status of research in India on rice gall midge resistance. In International Rice Research Conference, 1971. International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, Philippines12 p. (mimeo.)Google Scholar
Shastry, S. V. S., Sharma, S. D., John, V. T. and Krish-Naiah, K. (1970) New sources of resistance to pests and diseases in the Assam Rice Collection. Int. Rice Comm. Newsl. 19, 1–16.Google Scholar
Shastry, S. V. S., Freeman, W. H., Seshu, D. V., Israel, P. and Roy, J. K. (1972) Host plant resistance to rice gall midge. In Rice Breeding, pp. 353–366. International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños Philippines. 738 p.Google Scholar
Soehardjan, M., Ruhendi, and Leeuwangh, J. (1977) Varietal screening for resistance to the rice gall midge. In Agricultural Cooperation Indonesia–The Netherlands Research Reports 1968–1974, Section II, Technical Contribution, pp. 155–159. Central Research Institute for Agriculture, Bogor. 728 p.Google Scholar
Thomas, M. J. and Chacko, A. J. (1968) Influence of manuring and variety on the incidence of rice gall midge. Agric. Res. J. Kerala 6, 130–131.Google Scholar
Venkataswamy, T. (1966) Association between hairiness and resistance to gall midge (Pachydiplosis oryzae) in rice. Andhra Agric. J. 13, 149.Google Scholar
Venkataswamy, T. (1969) A high yielding rice culture for resistance to gall midge and other insect pests. Andhra Agric. J. 16, 177–179.Google Scholar
Venkataswamy, T. (1974) Breeding for gall midge resistance. Ind. J. Genet. 34C.Google Scholar
Venu Gopal Rao, A. (1975) Incidence of the gall midge in deep water rice. Rice Entomol. Newsletter No. 3, p. 26. International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, Philippines.Google Scholar
Vreden, G. and Arifin, K. (1977) Screening rice varieties for resistance to the rice gall midge, Orseolia oryzae (Wood-Mason). Contr. Cent. Res. Inst. Agrie. Bogor No. 34, 14 p.Google Scholar
Weerapat, P., Pushpavesa, S., Leuamsang, P., Burana-Pawang, S., Wathanakul, L. and Eamchit, S. (1974) Sources of resistance and breeding for resistance to gall midge, tungro and bacterial leaf blight in Thailand. In International Rice Research Conference, 1974. International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, Philippines. 10 p. (mimeo.)Google Scholar
Weeraratne, H., Gunawardena, S. D. I. E., Seneviratne, S. N. D. S. and Fernando, H. E. (1974) Source of resistance and breeding for resistance to blast, bacterial leaf blight and gall midge. In International Rice Research Conference, 1974. International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, Philippines. 13 p. (mimeo.)Google Scholar
Yen, C. H., Liu, C. Y. and Kuo, K. (1941) A preliminary study on the life history of the rice stem midge Pachydiplosis oryzae Wood-Mason (Cecidomyiidae, Diptera) in Kwangsi Province, South China. Kwangsi Agric. 2, 429–53.Google Scholar