Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-t7fkt Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-24T09:01:25.149Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Regional Control of the Red Locust, Nomadacris Septemfasciata (Serville), in the First Half of the 20th Century

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 September 2011

Jane Rosenberg
Affiliation:
Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, Medway University Campus, Chatham, Kent ME4 4TB, UK, E-mail: [email protected]
Get access

Abstract

The development of a regional control strategy for the red locust, Nomadacris septemfasciata (Serville) began in the 1920s during a period when red, desert and African migratory locust swarms were widespread in Africa. The strategy involved controlling locusts in their permanent breeding areas to prevent swarms escaping over a much larger invasion area and damaging crops and pasture. Mapping and analysis of reports at the Imperial Institute of Entomology in London and field research in the Rukwa and Mweru wa Ntipa areas confirmed the location of two important red locust outbreak areas, and by the mid-1930s implementation of a preventative control strategy became a practical proposition. Regional control against red locusts formally came into being in 1941 under impetus from the Belgian and British Governments and collaborative surveying and control work continued despite the Second World War. Locust swarm activity intensified in the mid 1940s and other outbreak areas were found, raising the profile of the threat red locusts posed to food security. As a result, international collaboration in research, control and information dissemination was formalised in 1945 through the formation of the IRLCO-CSA.

Résumé

Le développement d'une stratégie régionale de lutte contre le criquet rouge, Nomadacris septemfasciata (Serville) a commencé dans les années 1920, période à laquelle des invasions par des essaims des criquets, rouge et migratoire ainsi que du criquet du désert étaient encore trés répendues en Afrique. Cette stratégie consistait à lutter contre ces criquets dans leurs foyers de reproduction permanente afin de limiter la dispersion des essaims sur des grandes étendues et leurs dégâts sur cultures et pâturages. La cartographie et l'exploitation des rapports à l'Institut Impérial d'Entomologie à Londres et les études de terrain dans les régions de Rukwa et Mweru wa Ntipa ont confirmé l'existence de deux foyers importants de reproduction grégarigène et ont donné lieu à une mise sur pied d'une stratégie de lutte préventive concrète lancée vers le milieux de l'année 1930. La lutte régionale contre le criquet rouge devint réellement effective en 1941 à l'initiative des gouvernements de la Belgique et la Grande Bretagne. La surveillance conjointe et la lutte ont continué malgré la Seconde Guerre Mondiale. L'attaque par des essaims de criquets s'est intensifiée au milieu des années 1940 et d'autres foyers grégarigènes ont été identifiés donnant ainsi des nouvelles dimensions de la menace causée par le criquet rouge à la sécurité alimentaire. C'est suite à ce, qu'en 1945, est née l'IRLCO-CSA, une organisation visant la recherche collaborative internationale, la lutte et la diffusion des informations.

Type
Research and Review Articles
Copyright
Copyright © ICIPE 1999

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Allan, W. (1931) Locusts in Northern Rhodesia. A. Bull. Dept. Agric. N. Rhod. 1, 611.Google Scholar
Bredo, H. J. (1946) Le “Gammexane” dans la lutte contre les sauterelles. Rep. 1st Int. Congr. Plant Prot., Heverlee 1946, pp. 485491.Google Scholar
Burnett, G. F. (1951) Field observations on the behaviour of the red locust (Nomadacris septemfasciata (Serville)) in the solitary phase. Anti-Locust Bull. 8, 7 pp.Google Scholar
Du Plessis, C. (1949) Locust research and control on Africa, pp. 141144. In African Regional Scientific Conference Vol. 2. African Regional Scientific Conference, Johannesburg.Google Scholar
Faure, J. C. (1923) The life-history of the brown locust, Locustana pardalina (Walker), J. Dept. Agric. Un. S. Afr. 7, 205224.Google Scholar
Gunn, D. L. (1960) Nomad encompassed. The development of preventative control of the red locust, Nomadacris septemfasciata (Serville), by the International Red Locust Control Service. J. Ent. Soc. S. Afr. 23, 65125.Google Scholar
Gunn, D. L., Lea, H. A. F., Botha, D. H., Callaway, S., Clackson, J. R., Immelman, A., Taljaard, J. J. and Ward, J. (1948) Locust Control by Aircraft in Tanganyika. International Red Locust Control Organisation, Abercorn. 153 pp.Google Scholar
Hamilton, A. G. (1936) The relation of humidity and temperature to the development of three species of African locusts-Locusta migratoria migratoroides (R. & F.), Schistocerca gregaria (Forsk.), Nomadacris septemfasciata (Serv.). Trans. R. ent. Soc. hond. 85, 160.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Harris, W. V. (1933) The red locust. Pamph. Dep. Agric. Tanganyika, 10, 18 pp.Google Scholar
Johnston, H. B. and Buxton, D. R. (1949) Field observations on locusts in eastern Africa. Anti-Locust Bull. 5, 74 pp.Google Scholar
Lea, A. (1938) Investigations on the red locust Nomadacris septemfasciata (Serv.) in Portuguese East Africa and Nyasaland in 1935. Sci. Bull. Dep. Agric. For. Un. S. Afr. 176, 29 pp.Google Scholar
Lean, O. B. (1936) Locusta migratoria migratoroides R. & F.: An ecological reconnaissance of the suspected Middle Niger outbreak area. Bull. ent. Res. 27, 105184.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Michelmore, A. P. G. (1934) Locust investigation in north-east Rhodesia. Reports, dated July 17th and October 24th, 1933, received by the Imperial Institute of Entomology from Mr A.P.G. Michelmore. Economic Advisory Council Committee on Locust Control, London.Google Scholar
Michelmore, A. P. G. (1945) The International Red Locust Control. Tanganyika Notes Ree. 20, 4854.Google Scholar
Morant, V. (1947) Migrations and breeding of the red locust (Nomadacris septemfasciata (Serville)) in Africa, 1927–1945. Anti-Locust Mem. 2, 60 pp.Google Scholar
Mozambique (1935) Notes for the biological study of the red locust, pp. 8893. In Report of Proceedings of the Inter-State Locust Conference, Pretoria 1934. Inter-State Locust Conference, Pietermaritzburg.Google Scholar
Roffey, J. (1970) The Anti-Locust Research Centre. A Concise History to 1970. 36 pp. Anti-Locust Research Centre, London.Google Scholar
Uvarov, B. P. (1921) A revision of the genus Locusta, L. (=Pachytylus, Fieb.), with a new theory as to the periodicity and migrations of locusts. Bull. ent. Res. 12, 135163.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Uvarov, B. P. (1933) Preliminary experiments on the annual cycle of the red locust (Nomadacris septemfasciata, Serv.). Bull. ent. Res. 24, 419420.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Uvarov, B. P. (1951) Locust research and control 1929–1950. Colon. Res. Pubi. 10, 67 pp.Google Scholar
Uvarov, B. P. and Bowman, B. M. (1938) The economic importance of the locust and grasshopper problem throughout the world, pp. 190236. In Proceeedings of the 5th International Locust Conference, Brussels 1938. Fifth International Locust Conference, Brussels.Google Scholar
Vesey-Fitzgerald, D. F. (1955) The vegetation of the outbreak areas of the red locust (Nomadacris septemfasciata, Serv.) in Tanganyika and Northern Rhodesia. Anti-Locust Bull. 20, 31 pp.Google Scholar
Whellan, J. A. (1972) The problems of locust plague prevention organisations as exemplified by the International Red Locust Control Service, pp. 491498. In Proceedings of the International Study Conference on the Current and Future Problems of Acridology, London, 1970 (Edited by Hemming, C. F. and Taylor, T. H. C.). Centre for Overseas Pest Research, London.Google Scholar