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Preimaginal Developmental Biology of Diachasmimorpha tryoni (Cameron), a Parasitoid of the Mediterranean Fruit Fly

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 September 2011

Béatrice Hurtrel ,
Serge Quilici ,
Jean-Pierre Nénon  and
Jo LeLannic
Béatrice Hurtrel
Affiliation:
CIRAD Réunion, Service Entomologie, BP 20, St Denis Mess. Ced. 9, F97408
Serge Quilici
Affiliation:
CIRAD Réunion, Service Entomologie, BP 180, St Pierre Ced., F97455
Jean-Pierre Nénon
Affiliation:
Université de RENNES I, Laboratoire d'Ecobiologie des Insectes Parasitoïdes, Rennes, F35042
Jo LeLannic
Affiliation:
Université de RENNES I, Centre de Microscopie à Balayage et Microanalyse, Rennes, F35042, France
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Abstract

The objectives of this study were to identify the preimaginal development of instars of Diachasmimorpha tryoni (Cameron) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Opiinae), a larvo-pupal parasitoid of the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann), and to define its thermal requirements. Development was followed daily and parasitoid stage and size were noted. Larval samples were observed under a scanning electron microscope. Developmental rate as a function of temperature was studied with the Sharpe-DeMichele 6-parameter biophysical model and thermal requirements (lower developmental threshold and thermal constant) calculated using a linear regression. The duration of parasitoid development at seven temperatures ranged from 16.52 ± 0.96 days at 28 °C to 57.62 ± 1.85 days at 15 °C (males) and from 18.00 ± 0.79 days at 28 °C to 63.60 ± 1.52 days at 15 °C (females). Male development always took shorter than female development. No parasitoids emerged at 29 and 30 °C, which seems to be close to maximal temperature. The development required 322.6 ± 17.6 degree-days above a thermal threshold of 9.19 °C (both sexes cumulated). These data are compared with those of the host fruit fly, and the suitability of D. tryoni in controlling the Mediterranean fruit fly in Reunion Island is discussed.

Résumé

Les objectifs de cette étude étaient d'identifier les stades de développement préimaginal de Diachasmimorpha tryoni (Cameron) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Opiinae), un parasitoïde larvo-pupal de la mouche méditerranéenne des fruits, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann), et de caractériser les exigences thermiques de cette espèce. Le développement a été suivi chaque jour et le stade de développement ainsi que la taille du parasitoïde notés. Les échantillons larvaires ont été observés au Microscope Electroniqe à Balayage. Le taux de développement en fonction de la température a été étudié grâce au-modèle biophysique à 6 paramètre de Sharpe-DeMichele. Les exigences thermiques (température seuil minimale de développement et constante thermique) ont été calculées en utilisant une régression linéaire. La durée du développement préimaginal du parasitoïde à sept températures constantes différentes a varié de 16,52 ± 0,96 jours à 28 °C à 57,62 ± 1,85 jours à 15 °C (pour les mâles) et de 18,00 ± 0,79 jours à 28 °C à 63,60 ± 1,52 jours à 15 °C (pour les femelles). Le développement des mâles a toujours été plus court que celui des femelles. Aucun parasitoïde n'a émergé à 29 et 30 °C, qui semble donc être proche de la température maximale de développement. Le développement a nécessité 322,6 ± 17,6 degrés-jours au-dessus d'une température seuil minimale de 9,19 °C (mâles et femelles cumulés). Ces données sont comparées avec celle du Tephritidae hôte, et la capacité de cette espèce à contrôler les populations de son hôte à la Réunion est discutée.

Keywords

BraconidaeOpiinaeDiachasmimorpha tryoniTephritidaeCeratitis capitataparasitoidpreimaginal developmenttemperature-dependent growthBraconidaeOpiinaeDiachasmimorpha tryoniTephritidaeCeratitis capitataparasitoïdedéveloppement préimaginaltaux de développement en fonction de la température
Type
Research Articles
Information
International Journal of Tropical Insect Science , Volume 21 , Issue 1 , March 2001 , pp. 81 - 88
Copyright
Copyright © ICIPE 2001

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