Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-xbtfd Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-05T08:04:53.716Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Potential leafhopper vectors of phytoplasma in carrots

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 February 2007

Phyllis G. Weintraub  and
Sigalit Orenstein
Phyllis G. Weintraub*
Affiliation:
Department of Entomology, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), Gilat Research Center, D.N. Negev, 85280, Israel
Sigalit Orenstein
Affiliation:
Northern Research and Development, Kiryat Sh'mona, Israel
*
*E-mail: [email protected]
Get access

Abstract

Phytoplasmas are insect-vectored pathogens that cause characteristic and destructive diseases in carrots and other vegetables. A phytoplasma disease was first observed in Israeli carrot fields in 1995. Analysis of infected carrots showed the presence of aster yellows and western-X phytoplasmas. In this study, commercial and experimental fields in the western Negev region of Israel were monitored for three years using yellow sticky traps and vacuum sampling. Potential vectors of leafhoppers and planthoppers were analysed by PCR for the presence of phytoplasma DNA. Infected plants were also assayed for phytoplasma DNA. Extracted phytoplasma DNA was subjected to RFLP analysis to determine groups to which the phytoplasmas belonged. It was determined that carrots and leafhoppers from the experimental station were infected with a phytoplasma belonging to the Elm Yellows (EY) group; this is the first report of EY infecting carrots. Based on our findings, the two most probable insect vectors are Circulifer haematoceps complex (Mulsant & Rey) and Neoaliturus fenestratus (Herrich-Schäffer).

Keywords

carrotphytoplasmavectorsCirculifer haematocepsNeoaliturus fenestratus
Type
Research Article
Information
International Journal of Tropical Insect Science , Volume 24 , Issue 3 , September 2004 , pp. 228 - 235
Copyright
Copyright © ICIPE 2004

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Beanland, L., Hoy, C. W., Miller, S. A., Nault, L. R. (1999) Leafhopper (Homoptera: Cicadellidae) transmission of aster yellows phytoplasma: does gender matter?. Environ. Entomol. 28, 1101–1106.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bedendo, I. P., Davis, R. E., Dally, E. L. (1999) Detection and identification of phytoplasmas in periwinkle ( Catharanthus roseus ) and pepper ( Capsicum frutescens ) by nested PCR and RFLP techniques. Summa Phytopathol. 25, 197–201.Google Scholar
Burkness, E. C., Venette, R. C., O'Rourke, P. K., Hutchison, W. D. (1999) Bionomial sequential sampling for management of aster leafhopper (Homoptera: Cicadellidae) and aster yellows phytoplasma in carrot: impact of tally threshold on the accuracy of treatment decisions. Environ. Entomol. 28, 851–857.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chiykowski, L. N. (1981) Epidemiology of diseases caused by leafhopper-borne pathogens, pp. 106–159. In Plant Disease and Vectors (Edited byMaramorosch,, K., Harris, K. F.). Academic Press, New York.Google Scholar
Fránová, J., Karesová, R., Navrátil, M., Simková, M., Válová, P., Nebesárová, J. (2000) A carrot proliferation disease associated with rickettsia-like organisms in the Czech Republic. J. Phytopathol. 148, 53–55.Google Scholar
Gabelman, W. H., Goldman, I. L., Breitbach, D. N. (1994) Field evaluation and selection for resistance to aster yellows in carrot ( Daucus carota L.). J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 119, 1293–1297.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Giannotti, J., Louis, C., Leclant, F., Marchoux, G., Vago, C. (1974) Infection a mycoplasmes et a micro-organismes d'allure rickettsienne chez une plante atteinte de proliferation et chez le pshylle vecteur de la maladie. C.R. Acad. Sci. Paris Ser. D 278, 469–471.Google Scholar
Gibb,, K., Tran-Nguyen,, L. and Davison,, E. M. (2001) What causes purple-tops and hairy roots in western Australian carrots? Proceedings of the Thirteenth Biennial Conference of the Australasian Plant Pathology Society, 24–27 Sept 2001, Cairns, Queensland.Google Scholar
Goodwin, P. H., Mahuku, G. S., Liu, H., Xue, B. G. (1999) Monitoring phytoplasma in populations of aster leafhoppers from lettuce fields using the polymerase chain reaction. Crop Protection 18, 91–99.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hoy, C. W., Heady, S. E., Koch, T. A. (1992) Species composition, phenology, and possible origins of leafhoppers (Cicadellidae) in Ohio vegetable crops. J. Econ. Entomol. 85, 2336–2343.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hunt, R. E., Parr, J. C., Haynes, K. F. (1993) Influence of leafhopper (Homoptera: Cicadellidae) gender and female mating status on plant disease dynamics within a simple habitat. Environ. Entomol. 22, 109–115.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Irwin, M. E., Ruesink, W. G. (1986) Vector intensity: a product of propensity and activity, 13–33. In Plant Virus Epidemics: Monitoring, Modeling and Predicting Outbreaks. (Edited by McLean, G. D., Garrett, R. G., Ruesink, W. G.Academic Press, New York.Google Scholar
Ivanoff, S. S., Ewart, W. H. (1944) Aster yellows on vegetable crops and weeds in winter garden region of Texas. Plant Dis. Rep. 28, 972–977.Google Scholar
Klein, M., Weintraub, P. G., Davidovich, M., Kuznetsova, L., Zahavi, T., Ashanova, A., Orenstein, S., Tanne, E. (2001) Monitoring phytoplasma-bearing leafhoppers/planthoppers in vineyards in the Golan Heights. Israel J. Appl. Entomol. 123, 19–23.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lorenz, K. H., Schneider, B., Ahrens, U., Seemuller, E. (1995) Detection of the apple proliferation and pear decline phytoplasmas by PCR amplification of ribosomal and nonribosomal DNA. Phytopathology 85, 771–776.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Maixner, M., Ahrens, U., Seemuller, E. (1995) Detection of German grapevine yellows (Vergilbungs Krankheit) MLO in grapevine, alternative hosts and a vector by a specific PCR procedure. Eur. J. Plant Pathol. 101, 241–250.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Marzachi, C., Alma, A., d'Aquilio, N., Minuto, G., Boccardo, G. (1999) Detection and identification of phytoplasmas infecting cultivated and wild plants in Liguria (Italian Riviera). J. Plant Pathol. 81, 127–136.Google Scholar
Orenstein, S., Franck, A., Kuznetzova, L., Sela, I., Tanne, E. (1999) Association of phytoplasmas with a yellows disease of carrot in Israel. J. Plant Pathol. 81, 193–199.Google Scholar
Orenstein, S., Zahavi, T., Weintraub, P. G. (2001) Survey of the distribution of phytoplasma in wine grapes in the Golan Heights, Israel and development of specific primers. Vitis 40, 219–223.Google Scholar
Orenstein, S., Zahavi, T., Nestel, D., Sharon, R., Barkalifa, M., Weintraub, P. G. (2003) Spatial dispersion patterns of potential leafhopper and planthopper (Homoptera) vectors of phytoplasma in wine vineyards Ann. Appl. Biol. 143Google Scholar
Power, A. G. (1987) Plant community diversity, herbivore movement, and an insect-transmitted disease of maize. Ecology 68, 1658–1669.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Power, A. G. (1992) Host plant dispersion, leafhopper movement and disease transmission. Ecol. Entomol. 17, 63–68.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Purcell, A. H., Richardson, J., Finlay, A. (1981) Multiplication of the agent of X-disease in a non-vector leafhopper Macrosteles fascifrons. Ann. Appl. Biol. 99, 283–289.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Severin, H. H. P. (1934) Transmission of California aster and celery-yellows virus by three species of leafhoppers. Hilgardia 8, 339–362.Google Scholar
Severin, H. H. P., Frazier, N. W. (1945) California aster yellows on vegetable and seed crops. Hilgardia 16, 573–596.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vega, F. E., Davis, R. E., Barbose, P., Dally, E. L., Purcell, A. H., Lee, I.-M. (1993) Detection of a plant pathogen in a nonvector insect species by the polymerase chain reaction. Phytopathology 83, 621–624.CrossRefGoogle Scholar