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Plasmodium-Induced Changes in Haemolymph Polypeptides During Development and Ageing of the Malaria Vector Anopheles stephensi (Diptera: Culicidae)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 September 2011

S. K. Gakhar  and
Harish K. Shandilya
S. K. Gakhar
Affiliation:
Department of Biosciences, Maharshi Dayanand University Rohtak-124001, Haryana, India
Harish K. Shandilya
Affiliation:
Department of Biosciences, Maharshi Dayanand University Rohtak-124001, Haryana, India
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Abstract

Changes in the pattern of haemolymph polypeptides were studied to map the innate immune response of the malaria vector Anopheles stephensi (Diptera: Culicidae) to infection by the parasite Plasmodium yoelii yoelii. In addition, changes in the ontogenetic pattern due to glucose feeding, age, sex and gonotrophic cycle-related proteins were analysed. Six polypeptides were induced and 22 polypeptides disappeared due to glucose feeding during various stages of the mosquito's adult life. Five polypeptide patterns (91, 100, 108, 133 & 145 KDa) were found exclusively in female haemolymph. The changes in these polypeptide patterns have been correlated with sexual dimorphism in their feeding behaviour.

In total, 18 polypeptides were induced in the haemolymph of parasitised mosquitoes during different stages of development. Most of the polypeptides were induced in the early stages of infection, i.e. immediately after a bloodmeal. One polypeptide (25 KDa) was induced in all the stages. The expression of two polypeptides (32.5 and 70 KDa) on day 9 and one polypeptide (42 KDa) on day 15 was also enhanced following parasitism. The different induced proteins may help mosquitoes of different ages cope with parasite infection. The parasite evidently elicits immune responses in multiple tissues of the mosquito, including two epithelia which the parasite must traverse to complete its development. The mechanism of these responses and their significance in malaria transmission are discussed.

Résumé

Des changements dans la composition des polypeptides de l'hémolymphe ont été étudiés afin de suivre la réponse immunitaire innée chez Anopheles stephensi, un moustique vecteur de la malaria, après que celui-ci aitété infecté par le parasite Plasmodium yoelii yoelii. En plus, on a analysé les changements de la composition ontogénétique découlant de l'alimentation au glucose, de l'âge, du sexe spécifique et des protéines liées aux cycles gonotrophiques. Six polypeptides étaient induits, tandis que 22 autres disparaissaient suite à l'alimentation du moustique sur du glucose, au cours de son existence à l'état imaginal. Cinq polypeptides (91,100,108,133, et 145 KDa) étaient uniquement présents dans l'hémolymphe du mousUque femelle. Des changements observés dans la composition de ces polypeptides ont été corrélés avec le dimorphisme sexuel de l'insecte suite à son comportement alimentaire. Au total, 18 polypeptides étaient induits dans l'hémolymphe des moustiques parasités au cours de leurs différents stades de développement. La grande majorité des polypeptides était induite dans les premières heures suivant l'infection, c'est-à-dire immédiatement après un repas sanguin. Un seul polypeptide (25 KDa) était induit au niveau de tous les stades. L'apparition de deux polypeptides (32.5 et 70 KDa) au 9ème jour et d'un autre polypeptide (42 KDa) au 15ème jour, était aussi renforcée par le parasitisme. Les différentes protéines induites pourraient aider le moustique à endurer l'infection due au parasite, au cours de ses différents stades de développement. Aussi, le parasite puise apparemment les réponses immunitaires des différents tissus du corps du moustique dont les tissus épithéliaux que le parasite doit traverser afin de compléter son développement. L'article discute le mécanisme des différentes réponses et leur rôle dans la transmission de la malaria.

Keywords

Anopheles stephensiPlasmodium yoeliimosquitomalariahaemolymphpolypeptidesAnopheles stephensiPlasmodium yoelii yoeliihémolymphepolypeptides
Type
Research Articles
Information
International Journal of Tropical Insect Science , Volume 20 , Issue 2 , June 2000 , pp. 141 - 149
Copyright
Copyright © ICIPE 2000

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