Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-jkksz Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-29T07:14:17.591Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Natural Enemies of Certain Tea Pests Occurring in Southern India

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 September 2011

N. Muraleedharan ,
R. Selvasundaram  and
B. Radhakrishnan
N. Muraleedharan
Affiliation:
UPASI Tea Research Institute, Nirar Dam B.O. Valparai 642 127, Coimbatore District, India
R. Selvasundaram
Affiliation:
UPASI Tea Research Institute, Nirar Dam B.O. Valparai 642 127, Coimbatore District, India
B. Radhakrishnan
Affiliation:
UPASI Tea Research Institute, Nirar Dam B.O. Valparai 642 127, Coimbatore District, India
Get access

Abstract

In southern India, the principal tea pests such as the mites, Acaphylla theae, Calacarus carinatus and Oligonychus coffeae; the thrips, Scirtothrips bispinosus; the aphid, Toxoptera aurantii; and the caterpillars, Caloptilia theivora, Homona coffearia and Cydia leucostoma are attacked by many natural enemies. H. coffearia is efficiently controlled by the ichneumonid, Phytodietus sp., and the tachinid, Palexorista solennis, whilst the eulophid, Sympiesis dolichogaster, affords excellent regulation of C. theivora. The braconid, Apanteles aristaeus, is the chief parasitoid of C. leucostoma, but the efficiency of this species is rather low. The aphiidids, Aphidius colemani, Lipolexis scuttellaris and Trioxys indicus, and several species of coccinellids and syrphids exert tremendous influence on the populations of T. aurantii. No natural enemies of the scolytid stem borer, Xyleborus fornicatus, could be recorded. For the management of mites, pesticides are applied regularly and the widespread usage of broad spectrum acaricides such as dicofol and sulphur is an important reason for the low incidence of predatory mites in tea fields.

Résumé

Dans l'Inde du sud, les pestes principales du thé les acariens, A. theae, C. carinatus et O. coffeae; le thripse, S. bispinosus; l'aphide, T. aurantii; et les chenilles, C. theivora, H. coffearia et C. leucostoma sont attaguées par beaucoup d'ennemis naturels. H. coffearia est controlé effectivement par l'ichneumonide (Phytodietus sp.) et le tachinide. Palexorista solennis, tandis que l'eulophide, S. dolichogaster donne un excellent control de C. theivora. Le braconide, A. aristaeus est le parasitoid principale de C. leucostoma, mais l'éfficacité de cette éspèce est plutôt en bas. Les aphidides, A. colemani, L. scutellaris et T. indicus et beaucoup d'autres éspèces de conninellides et syrphides ont une grande influence sur les populations de T. aurantii. Cependant on n'a pas fus retronver les ennemis naturels de scolytide, Xyleborus. À controler les acariens, des pesticides sont appliquées regulièrement. L'usage génèral de dicophol et soufre est une raison importante pour la basse incidence des acariens prédatoires dans les jardins du thé.

Keywords

Southern Indiatea pestsparasitoidspredatorsInde du sudpestes du théparasitoidspredators
Type
Research Article
Information
International Journal of Tropical Insect Science , Volume 9 , Issue 5 , October 1988 , pp. 647 - 654
Copyright
Copyright © ICIPE 1988

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Ananda Rau, S. (1948) Report of the Entomologist. Ann. Rep. UPASI Tea Sci. Sec. 1947–1948.Google Scholar
Ananthakrishnan, N. R. (1960) Observations on red spider of tea in south India. UPASI Tea Sci. Dep. Bull. 19, 40–48.Google Scholar
Anonymous (1936) Report of the Entomologist. Ann. Rep. UPASI Tea Sci. Dep. 1935–1936.Google Scholar
Banerjee, B. (1983) Arthropod accumulation on tea in young and old habitats. Ecol. Ent. 8, 117–123.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cranham, J. E. (1966) Insect and mite pests of tea in Ceylon and their control. Monographs on tea production in Ceylon No. 6. The Tea Research Institute of Ceylon, Talawakelle, Ceylon.Google Scholar
Ghorpade, K. D. (1981) Insect prey of syrphids (Diptera) from India and neighbouring countries. A review and bibliography. Trop. Pest Manage. 27, 62–82.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Greathead, D. J. and Waage, J. K. (1983) Opportunities for biological control of agricultural pests in developing countries. World Bank Tech. Pap. 11, pp. 44.Google Scholar
Muraleedharan, N. (1982) Entomology. Ann. Rep. UPASI Tea Sci. Dep.Google Scholar
Muraleedharan, N. (1983) Entomology. Ann. Rep. UPASI Tea Sci. Dep.Google Scholar
Muraleedharan, N. (1984) Entomology. Ann. Rep. UPASI Tea Sci. Dep.Google Scholar
Muraleedharan, N. (1985) Entomology. Ann. Rep. UPASI Tea Sci. Dep.Google Scholar
Muraleedharan, N. (1986a) Pest Management in Tea—A Guide to the Field Study and Control of Tea Pests in South India. UPASI Tea Research Institute, Coimbatore, India (Mimeographed)Google Scholar
Muraleedharan, N. (1986b) Pesticides usage in tea in south India. Proceedings of Symposium—Tea: Important Aspects of Pesticide Usage. Society of Chemical Industries, London (in press).Google Scholar
Muraleedharan, N. (1986c) Entomology. Ann. Rep. UPASI Tea Sci. Dep.Google Scholar
Muraleedharan, N. and Chandrasekaran, R. (1981) Observations on the seasonal variations of Acaphylla theae (Watt) and Calacarus carinatus (Green) in a tea field at the Anamallais (South India). Pestology 5, 11–15.Google Scholar
Muraleedharan, N. and Radhakrishnan, B. (1986) Syrphid predators of the tea aphid Toxoptera aurantii (Boyer de Fonscolombe) in the Anamallais. Indian J. Agric. Sci. 56, 307.Google Scholar
Muraleedharan, N. and Selvasundaram, R. (1986) New records of parasites of flushworm and leaf roller of tea. Entomon 11, 262–263.Google Scholar
Nagarkatti, S., Sankaran, T. and Manjunath, T. M. (1979) Natural control of the scale Fiorinia theae Green (Coccoidea: Diaspididae) in Assam. Prot. Ecol. 1, 179–184.Google Scholar
Rao, G. N. (1970) Tea pests in southern India and their control. PANS 16, 667–672.Google Scholar
Rao, G. N. (1974) Entomology. Ann. Rep. UPASI Tea Sci. Dep.Google Scholar
Rao, G. N. (1978) Entomology. Ann. Rep. UPASI Tea Sci. Dep.Google Scholar
Rao, V. P., Datta, B. and Ramaseshiah, G. (1970) Natural enemy complex of flushworm and phytophagous mites on tea in India. Scientific Publication Series 5. Tea Board, India.Google Scholar
Sarma, P. V. (1979) Possibilities for integrated control of major pests of tea in India. PANS 25, 237–245.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Selvasundaram, R. and Muraleedharan, N. (1986) Observations on the larval parasitoids of Homona coffearia Neitner (Tortricidae: Lepidoptera) in a tea field at the Anamallais (Coimbatore Dt.). J. Plant. Crops (in press).Google Scholar
Takagi, K. (1978) Trap for monitoring adult parasites of tea pests. Jap. Agric. Res. Q. 12, 99–103.Google Scholar
Uma Narasimham, A. (1987) Scale insects and mealy bugs on coffee, tea and cardamom and their natural enemies. J. Coffee Res. 17, 7–13.Google Scholar