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Foraging and pollination behaviour of Xylocopa olivacea (Hymenoptera: Apidae) on Phaseolus coccineus (Fabaceae) flowers at Ngaoundéré (Cameroon)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  29 May 2014

Fernand-Nestor Tchuenguem Fohouo ,
Sidonie Fameni Tope  and
Dorothea Brückner
Fernand-Nestor Tchuenguem Fohouo
Affiliation:
Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Ngaoundéré, PO Box 454, Ngaoundéré, Cameroon
Sidonie Fameni Tope*
Affiliation:
Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Ngaoundéré, PO Box 454, Ngaoundéré, Cameroon Department of Agricultural Livestock and By-Products, Higher Institute of the Sahel, University of Maroua, PO Box 46, Maroua, Cameroon
Dorothea Brückner
Affiliation:
Forschungsstelle für Bienenkunde, Universität Bremen, FB2, Postfach 33 04 40, Bremen28334, Germany
*
*E-mail: [email protected]
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Abstract

To evaluate the effect of the carpenter bee, Xylocopa olivacea Lepeletier 1841, on the pod and seed yields of Phaseolus coccineus L., in this study, its foraging and pollination activities were examined in Ngaoundéré during the June–July 2010 and July–August 2011 cropping seasons. Treatments included open floral access to all visitors, bagging of flowers to avoid all visits and floral access to limited visits of X. olivacea. Observations were made on 120 flowers per treatment. In addition, all flower visitors were recorded. The seasonal rhythm of the activity of the carpenter bee, its foraging behaviour on flowers and its pollination efficiency (fruiting rate, number of seeds/pod and percentage of normal or well-developed seeds) were recorded. Phaseolus coccineus flowers were visited by 13 insect species in 2010 and by 14 insect species in 2011. Xylocopa olivacea was the most frequent visitor and intensely and exclusively foraged the flowers for nectar. The mean foraging speed was 9.28 flowers/min. In 2010, the foraging activity of X. olivacea resulted in a significant increase in the fruiting rate (27.49%), number of seeds/pod (45.43%) and percentage of normal seeds (89.38%). In 2011, the corresponding values were 56.14% (fruiting rate), 74.44% (number of seeds/pod) and 66.44% (percentage of normal seeds). These results reveal that this crop experiences a pollination deficit, considering that flowers visited by X. olivacea had higher yields than those under unlimited access to all visitors. Hence, the conservation of X. olivacea nests close to P. coccineus crop fields is recommended for improving pod and seed production.

Keywords

Xylocopa olivaceaPhaseolus coccineusforaging activitynectarpollinationyield
Type
Research Papers
Information
International Journal of Tropical Insect Science , Volume 34 , Issue 2 , June 2014 , pp. 127 - 137
Copyright
Copyright © ICIPE 2014 

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