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Expression, mechanisms and chemistry of resistance in soybean, Glycine max L. (Merr.) to the soybean looper, Pseudoplusia includens (Walker)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 September 2011

C. Michael Smith
C. Michael Smith
Affiliation:
Department of Entomology, Louisiana Agricultural Experiment Station, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, U.S.A.
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Abstract

The soybean plant introduction (PI)227687 is highly resistant to 16 different insect pests of soybean in Australia, Brazil, Taiwan and the United States. In most of the pest Lepidoptera, resistance is expressed as greatly increased mortality in the later larval instars. The soybean looper, Pseudoplusia includens (Walker) is most severely affected in the final larval instar. Antibiotic effects include reduced weight gain, growth rate and increased mortality. These effects are enhanced by mechanically wounding foliage 24 hr prior to larval consumption. Antibiosis appears to be due to the combined effects of a feeding deterrent and a growth inhibitor. Resistance is location-specific on (PI)227687 plants and occurs abruptly on the third fully-expanded leaf from the plant apex. Larval growth on leaves of the susceptible variety ‘Davis’ is similar to or greater than that of the upper, susceptible leaves of (PI)227687. Resistance appears to be chemically based, since larvae fed artificial diets containing leaf extracts exhibit antibiotic symptoms similar to those fed fresh (PI)227687 leaves.

Résumé

La plante de soja (PI)227687 est résistante à 16 différents insectes qui lui sont nuisibles en Australie, au Brésil, au Taiwan et aux Etats Unis d'Amérique. Dans la plupart des insectes lépidoptères, la résistance est exprimée comme une mortalité accure au cours des phases larvaires secondaires. La résistance chez la plante de soja (PI)227687 à l'arpenteuse Pseudoplusia includens (Walker) est antixénotique à cause d'un préventif alimentaire et d'un antibiotique dû à un inhibiteur de croissance métabolique. Les effets de l'antibiotique comprennent une augmentation réduite du poids, une réduction du taux de croissance et une mortalité accrue. Ces effets sont accrus par l'ulcération mécanique des feuilles 24 hr avant la consommation larvaire. La résistance est spécifique à l'emplacement chez les plantes (PI)227687 et survient brusquement sur la troisième feuille complètement développée à partir du sommet de la plante. La croissance larvaire sur les feuilles de la variété susceptible ‘Davies’ est similaire ou plus importante que celle ayant lieu sur les feuilles susceptibles supérieures de (PI)227687. La résistance semble avoir une base chimique, car les larves nourris aux aliments artificiels contenant les extraits des feuilles présentent des symptômes antibiotiques similaires à ceux présentés par ceux qui sont nourris aux feuilles fraiches de (PI)227687.

Keywords

Feeding deterrenceGlycine max L. (Merr.)growth inhibitionplant resistance to insectsPseudoplusia includens (Walker)soybeansoybean looperPréventif alimentaireGlycine max L. (Merr)inhibiteur de croissancerésistance des plantes aux insectesPseudoplusia includens (Walker)sojaarpenteuse
Type
Section I: Types and mechanisms of host plant resistance
Information
International Journal of Tropical Insect Science , Volume 6 , Special Issue 3: Host Plant Resistance and its Significance in Pest Management , June 1985 , pp. 243 - 248
Copyright
Copyright © ICIPE 1985

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