Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-t7czq Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-24T08:27:53.281Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

The Effect of Lipoidal Matter of Neem Fruits and Leaves on Spodoptera littoralis Development and Reproduction

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 September 2011

Nadia Z. Dimetry ,
S. El-Gengaihi  and
S. M. Mohamed
Nadia Z. Dimetry
Affiliation:
Department of Pests and Plant Protection, National Research Centre (NRC), Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
S. El-Gengaihi
Affiliation:
Pharmaceutical Science Department, NRC, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
S. M. Mohamed
Affiliation:
Pharmaceutical Science Department, NRC, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
Get access

Abstract

Gas-liquid chromatography was used to analyse the saponifiable and unsaponifiable fractions of petroleum ether (PE) extracts of neem fruits and leaves. Both fractions, as well as a crude PE extract, were assayed for biological activity against third instar cotton leafworm, Spodoptera littoralis.

In neem fruits, eighty-eight percent (88%) of the saponifiable matter consisted of saturated fatty acids, while 12% was composed of unsaturated fatty acids. In the neem leaves, the corresponding proportions were 62 and 38%, respectively. Unsaponifiable matter of both fruits and leaves contained varying amounts of hydrocarbons and sterols. All the tested extracts demonstrated significant larvicidal effects against leafworm larvae. They also prolonged larval duration, caused malformations of the resulting pupae and significant adverse effects on the fecundity of resulting adults.

Résumé

Une Chromatographie en phase gazeuse-liquide a été utilisée pour analyser les fractions saponifiable et non-saponifiable des extraits à l'éther des fruits et feuilles de nim. Les deux fractions de même que l'extrait brut à l'éther ont été testés pour leur activité biologique contre le troisième stade de développement de la chenille mineuse de feuilles de coton, Spodoptera littoralis.

Dans les fruits de nim, 88% de la fraction de la matière saponifiable consistaient en acides gras saturés tandis que 12% étaient composés d'acides gras non-saturés. Dans les feuilles de nim, les proportions respectives d'acides gras saturés et non-saturés étaient de 62 et 38%. Les fractions de la matière non-saponifiable des feuilles ou des fruits contenaient des quantités variables d'hydrocarbones et de stérols. Tous les extraits testés ont montré des effets larvicides significatifs vis-à-vis des larves de la mineuse de feuilles. De même, ces extraits allongeaient la durée de développement de l/état larvaire et ils provoquaient des malformations chez les chrysalides issues des larves traitées, induisant ainsi des effets désastreux sur la fécondité des adultes émergés de ces chrysalides.

Keywords

Spodoptera littoralisneemlarvicidal activitygas-liquid chromatographymalformationSpodoptera littoralisnimactivité larvicideChromatographie en phase gazeuse-liquidemalformation
Type
Research Articles
Information
International Journal of Tropical Insect Science , Volume 18 , Issue 4 , December 1998 , pp. 325 - 331
Copyright
Copyright © ICIPE 1998

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Abbott, W. S. (1925) A method of comparing the effectiveness of an insecticide, J. Econ. Entomol. 18, 265–266.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ahmed, S., Grainge, M., Hylin, J. W., Mitchell, W. C. and Litsinger, J. A. (1984) Some promising plant species for use as pest control agents under traditional farming systems. Proc. 2nd Int. Neem ConJ., Rauischholzhausen, Germany 1983, 565–580.Google Scholar
Ascher, K. R. S., Eliyahu, M., Nemny, N. E. and Meisner, J. (1984) Neem seed kernel extract as an inhibitor of growth and fecundity in Spodoptera littoralis. Proc. 2nd Int. Neem Conf., Rauischholzhausen, Germany 1983, 331–344.Google Scholar
Chavan, S. R. (1984) Chemistry of alkane separated from leaves of Azadirachta indica and their larvicidal, insecticidal activity against mosquitoes. Proc.2nd Int. Neem Conf., Rauischolzhausen 1983, 59–69.Google Scholar
Dorn, A., Rademacher, J. M. and Sehn, E. (1987) Effect of azadirachtin on reproductive organs and fertility in the large milk-weed bug Oncopelttisfasciatus. Proc. 3rd Int. Neem Conf., Nairobi, Kenya, 1986, 273–288.Google Scholar
Farag, R. S., Hallabo, S. A., Hewedi, F. M. and Basyony, A. E. (1986) Chemical evaluation of rape seed. Fette Seifen. Anstrich- mittel 88, 391–397.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hostettmann, K., Kizu, H. and Tomimort, T. (1982) Molluscicidal properties of various saponins. Planta Medica 44, 34.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jacobson, M. (1981) Neem research in the US Department of Agriculture; Chemical, biological and cultural aspects. In Proc. 1st Int. Neem Conf, Rottach-egem, Germany 1980, 33–42.Google Scholar
Jacobson, M. (1987) Neem research and cultivation in the western hemisphere. Proc. 3rd Int. Neem Conf. 1986, Nairobi, 33–34.Google Scholar
Kinsella, J. E. (1966) Metabolic patterns of the fatty acids of Periplaneta americana L. during its embryonic development. Can. J. Biochem. 44, 247–258.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Langewald, J., Scherer, R. and Schmutterer, H. (1995) Repellent effects of different products of the neem tree on the red locust, Nomadacris septemfasciata in maize fields in the south western part of Madagascar. Anz. Schaedlingsk. Pflanzenschutz, Umweltschutz 68, 55–59.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Meisner, J., Melamed-Madjar, V., Yathom, S. and Ascher, K. R. S. (1987) The influence of neem on the european corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis) and the serpentine leaf miner (Liriomyza trifolii). Proc, 3rd Int. Neem Conf., Nairobi, 1986, 461–477.Google Scholar
Menn, J. J. and Henrick, C. A. (1981) Rational and biorational design of pesticides presented at crop protection chemicals: Directions of future development (Discussion) London UK. Phil. Trans.R. Soc. London Ser. B. 295, 57–71.Google Scholar
Redfern, R. E., Kelly, T. J., Borkaovec, A. B. and Hayes, D. K. (1982) Ecdysteroid titers and moulting abberations in last stage Oncopeltus nymphs treated with insect growth regulators. Pestic. Biochem. Physiol. 18, 351–356.Google Scholar
Rembold, H., Forster, H., Czoppelt, T. C., Rao, P. J. and Sieber, P. J. (1984) The azadirachtins a group of insect growth regulators from the neem tree. Proc. 2nd Int. Neem Conf., Rauisholzhausen 1983, 153–162.Google Scholar
Rembold, H., Forster, H., Czoppelt, T. C., Rao, P. J. and Sieber, K. P. (1987) Structure and biological activity of azadirachtin A and B. Proc. 3rd Int. Neem Conf., Nairobi 1986, Eschborn GTZ, 149–160.Google Scholar
Schmutterer, H. (1990) Properties and potential of natural pesticides from the neem tree Azadirachta indica. Annu. Rev. Ent. 35, 271–297.Google ScholarPubMed
Siddiqui, S., Mahmood, T., Siddiqui, B. S. and Faizi, S. (1988) Non terpenoidal constituents from Azadirachta indica. Pianta Medica 54, 457–459.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Singh, R. P. (1987) Comparison of antifeedant efficacy and extract yield from different parts and ecotypes of neem. Proc. 3rd Int. Neem Conf, Nairobi 1986, 185–194.Google Scholar
Sombatsiri, K. and Pathumchartpat, W. (1979) Some Attempts to Develop New Insecticides from Plant Sources. Food and Fertilizer Technology Centre, Taipei, Taiwan (FFTC) Book Ser. 14, 158–165.Google Scholar
Steel, G. D. and Torrie, J. H. (1960) Principles and Procedures of Statistics with Special Reference to the Biological Sciences. McGraw-Hill Book Co. Inc., New York, 481 pp.Google Scholar
Steets, V. R. (1975) Die Wirkung von Rohextrakten aus den Meliaceen Azadirachta indica and Melia azedarach auf verschiedene Insektenarten. Z. ang. Entomol. 77, 306–312.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Warthen, J. D. Jr (1979) Azadirachta indica: A source of insect feeding inhibitors and growth regulators. US Dep. Agrie, Agrie. Rev. Man., ARM-NE- 4, 1–21.Google Scholar