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Dispersal of Kampimodromus aberrans (Oudemans) between Uncultivated Areas and Grape Fields: Does Pesticide Application Affect the Settlement of Migrants?

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 September 2011

Marie-Stéphane Tixier  and
Serge Kreiter
Marie-Stéphane Tixier
Affiliation:
Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique/Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UP d'Ecologie Animale et de Zoologie Agricole, Laboratoire d'Acarologie, 2 Place Pierre Viala, 34060 Montpellier cedex 01, France
Serge Kreiter
Affiliation:
Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique/Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UP d'Ecologie Animale et de Zoologie Agricole, Laboratoire d'Acarologie, 2 Place Pierre Viala, 34060 Montpellier cedex 01, France
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Abstract

Kampimodromus aberrans is a predatory mite species present in vineyards of South of France and also in uncultivated areas, from where great densities disperse into the neighbouring vine fields, mainly by aerial means. In order to determine the origin of migrants in an experimental vine plot, a molecular study using RAPD markers was performed. It was found that there exists genetic differentiation of populations collected in the experimental vineyard, and those collected, both from surrounding cultivated and uncultivated areas. No correlation between genetic and geographic distances was found. Thus, despite the dispersal of great densities of mites into the plot, selection pressures may affect their settlement. To determine the impact of pesticide application on mite settlement, we studied the insecticide resistance of K. aberrans populations collected in the vine field and on an oak located in a neighbouring uncultivated area. The insecticide tested, quinalphos, is the most frequently applied pesticide in the plot. High resistance levels were observed in both populations. However, at the recommended concentration, mortality rates (80 and 87 %) were quite the same for the two populations. Thus, the application of this pesticide seems not to be the major explanation of the poor settlement of migrants coming from woody areas into the plot, and other studies have to be conducted to determine other factors involved.

Résumé

Kampimodromus aberrans est l'espèce prédatrice la plus importante dans les vignobles du Sud de la France. Cette espèce se développe également dans les milieux non cultivés à partir desquels, des densités très importantes de cette espèce peuvent se disperser essentiellement par voie aérienne dans les parcelles de vigne avoisinantes. Afin de déterminer l'origine des individus migrants à l'intérieur d'une parcelle d'étude, un marquage moléculaire à l'aide de RAPD a été réalisé. Les populations collectées dans la parcellle expérimentale et dans son environnement cultivé et non cultivé présentent des profils génétiques très différents. Aucune corrélation entre les distances génétiques et les distances géographiques n'a été mise en évidence. Malgré la dispersion de densités importantes de K. aberrans à l'intérieur de la parcelle expérimentale, il semble que des pressions de sélection propres à chaque milieu déterminent la différenciation génétique des populations et l'installation de ces individus dans la parcelle. Afin de déterminer l'impact des pesticides sur cette installation, la résistance à un insecticide de différentes populations de K. aberrans collectées dans une zone non cultivée bordant la parcelle sur un chêne pubescent et dans une parcelle de vigne, a été étudiée. L'insecticide testé, quinalphos, est l'insecticide le plus fréquemment utilisé dans la parcelle d'étude. Les deux populations testées présentent des hauts niveaux de résistance. Cependant, à la dose homologuée, le taux de mortalité est quasiment identique pour les deux populations (80 et 87 %). L'application de ce pesticide ne semble donc pas être le facteur majeur permettant d'expliquer la mauvaise installation des individus se dispersant de la zone boisée avoisinantes dans la parcelle. D'autres études sont donc nécessaires afin de déterminer quels sont les autres facteurs permettant d'expliquant cette mauvaise installation.

Keywords

PhytoseiidaeKampimodromus aberranscolonisationvineyardsrandom amplified polymorphism DNApesticide resistancequinalphosPhytoseiidaeKampimodromus aberranscolonisationvignoblerandom amplified polymorphism DNArésistancequinalphos
Type
Research Articles
Information
International Journal of Tropical Insect Science , Volume 23 , Special Issue 1: Novel Approaches to Tick and Mite Management in Africa , March 2003 , pp. 21 - 29
Copyright
Copyright © ICIPE 2003

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