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Comparison of Toxic and Repellent Effects of Lantana Camara L. with Tephrosia Vogelii Hook and a Synthetic Pesticide Against Sitophilus Zeamais Motschulsky (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in Stored Maize Grain

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 September 2011

J. O. Ogendo ,
S. R. Belmain ,
A. L. Deng  and
D. J. Walker
J. O. Ogendo
Affiliation:
Department of Agronomy, Egerton University, P.O. Box 536, Njoro, Kenya
S. R. Belmain*
Affiliation:
Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, Central Avenue, Chatham Maritime, Kent ME4 4TB, UK
A. L. Deng
Affiliation:
Department of Zoology, Egerton University, P.O. Box 536, Njoro, Kenya
D. J. Walker
Affiliation:
Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, Central Avenue, Chatham Maritime, Kent ME4 4TB, UK
*
Corresponding author: SRB. E-mail: [email protected]
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Abstract

The insecticidal and repellent properties of Lantana camara and Tephrosia vogelii were evaluated against Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in stored maize grain. Five treatment rates (1.0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 and 10.0% w/w) of each powdered plant material, an untreated control and a synthetic insecticide (Actellic Super™ 2% dust) were used to investigate treatment efficacy on mortality of the adult insect (five to eight days old), F1 progeny emergence and repellency against S. zeamais adults. After 21 days, L. camara and T. vogelii caused 82.7–90.0% and 85.0–93.7% insect mortality, respectively. The mean lethal exposure times (LT50) to achieve 50% mortality varied from five to six days (7.5–10.0% w/w) to seven to eight days (2.5–5.0% w/w) for both plants. Probit regression analysis showed a significant relationship between plant powder concentration and insect mortality. The plant powders and synthetic insecticide reduced adult F1 insects by more than 75% compared to the untreated control. Tephrosia vogelii was most repellent to S. zeamais at 7.5–10.0% (w/ w), repelling 87.5% of the insects, followed by T. vogelii at 2.5% w/w and L. camara at 10% w/w which repelled 65.0 and 62.5% of insects respectively. The implications of these results are discussed in the context of smallscale farmer usage of these plants for stored product protection.

Résumé

Les propriétés insecticides et répulsives de Lantana camara et Tephrosia vogelii ont été évaluées contre Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) sur du maïs stocké en grain. Le matériel végétal de chaque espèce, réduit en poudre, a été appliqué à cinq concentrations (1,0, 2,5, 5,0, 7,5 et 10,0%), et comparé à un insecticide synthétique (Actellic Super™ 2% en poudre) et à un témoin non-traité. L'efficacité des traitements a été évaluée en mesurant la mortalité des adultes (âgés de cinq à huit jours), l'émergence de la descendance des F1, et l'effet répulsif sur les adultes. Après 21 jours, la mortalité provoquée par L. camara est comprise entre 82,7 et 90,0%, celle causée par T. vogelii entre 85,0 et 93,7%. Pour les deux plantes, les temps moyens d'exposition léthale, entrainant une mortalité de 50% (LT50), varient de cinq à six jours (7,5 et 10,0% m/m) et de 7 à 8 jours (2,5 et 5,0% m/m). Une analyse de régression Probit a démontré une relation significative entre la mortalité des insectes et la concentration des poudres végétales utilisées. L'application de ces poudres végétales, comme l'insecticide synthétique, entraine une réduction deplus de 75% de la descendance en F1, par rapport au témoin non-traité. Tephrosia vogelii s'avère être le plus répulsif contre S. zeamais,

Keywords

Zea maysbotanical insecticidesgrain storagestored product protection
Type
Research Article
Information
International Journal of Tropical Insect Science , Volume 23 , Issue 2 , June 2003 , pp. 127 - 135
Copyright
Copyright © ICIPE 2003

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