Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-jn8rn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-28T22:28:37.188Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

The changing role of pesticides in pest management

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 September 2011

G. A. Schaefers
G. A. Schaefers
Affiliation:
Cornell University, Geneva, N.Y. 14456, USA
Get access

Abstract

Significant changes have occurred in the role of pesticides in pest management programmes since the publication of Carson's book Silent Spring in 1962. This discourse addresses the multitude of factors which contributed to these changes including such factors as policy and legislation, the public's perception of associated risks, population pressures, the availability of practical integrated pest management programmes, and perhaps most importantly, the constraints to IPM in Third World countries. While reliable statistics are difficult to obtain, the changing patterns in pesticide use in the tropical regions are also discussed. Finally, the future of pesticide use in developing countries is projected, as is the necessity of their use and expected impacts.

Résumé

Des changements significatifs ont eu lieu à propos du rôle des pesticides dans des programmes de lutte dirigée depuis la parution du livre de Carson “Le printemps silencieux” en 1962. Cet exposé aborde la multitude des facteurs qui ont contribué à ces changements, notament des facteurs tels que politique et législation, perception des risques associés par le public, pressions démographiques, disponibilité des programmes pratiques de lutte dirigée et plus important peut être, les contraintes à la lutte dirigée dans le Tiers-Monde. Alors que des statistiques fiables sont difficiles à obtenir, les modes de changement dans l'usage des pesticides dans les régions tropicales sont aussi discutés. Finalement, des projections concernant l'avenir de l'usage des pesticides dans les pays en voie de développement sont faites tout comme sur la nécessité de leur usage et de leurs impacts attendus.

Keywords

policylegislationenvironmental impactproductioncultural controlpolitiquelégislationimpact écologiqueproductionlutte au moyen de practiques culturales
Type
Articles
Information
International Journal of Tropical Insect Science , Volume 15 , Special Issue 6: Current Issues in Integrated Pest Management , December 1994 , pp. 583 - 598
Copyright
Copyright © ICIPE 1994

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Alford, H. G. (1985) Classification, chemistry and toxicology of pesticides. In Pest and Pesticide Management in East and Southern Africa (Edited by Jensen, J., Stroud, A. and Mukanyange, J.), pp. 109–111. USAID/REDSO/ESA, Nairobi.Google Scholar
Anonymous (1981) Poisons and peripheral people: Hazardous substances in the third world. Cultural Survival Inc. Newsletter 5, 1–8.Google Scholar
Anonymous (1988) Opportunities to assist developing countries in the proper use of agricultural and industrial chemicals. The Conservation Foundation. USAID, Washington, 101 pp.Google Scholar
Anonymous (1990) Facts and figures, International agricultural research. Rockefeller Foundation Report.Google Scholar
Anonymous (1991) Crop protection, vector control and pesticide use in developing countries. Ministry of Agriculture, Nature Management and Fisheries of the Netherlands. Report. Wageningen, 24 pp.Google Scholar
Borlaug, N. E. (1990) The challenge of feeding 8 billion people. Farm Chemicals International 10, 12.Google Scholar
Bottrell, D. (1983) Social problems in pest management in the tropics. Insect Sci. Applic. 4, 179–184.Google Scholar
Brader, L. (1979) Integrated pest control in the developing world. Annu. Rev. Entomol. 24, 225–254.Google Scholar
Brader, L. (1982) Recent trends of insect control in the tropics. Ent. exp. & appl. 31, 111–120.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brosten, D. and Simmonds, B. (1989) Inputs for the starving continent. Agrichemical Age 33, 6–7.Google Scholar
Brown, L. R. et al. (1990) State of the World. WorldWatch Institute. Washington, DC.Google Scholar
Burton, D. K. and Philogene, B. J. R. (1985) An overview of pesticide usage in Latin America (KIN 6N5: 1985). University of Ottawa.Google Scholar
Carson, R. (1962) Silent Spring. Fawcett World Library, NY. 304 pp.Google Scholar
Carter, H. O. (1989) Agricultural sustainability: An overview and research assessment. Calif. Agric. 37, 16–18.Google Scholar
Chapin, G. and Wasserstrom, R. (1983) Agricultural production and malaria resurgence in Central America and India. Nature 293, 181.Google Scholar
Cramer, H. H. (1967) Plant protection and world crop production. Pflanzenschutz Nachr. 20, 1–524.Google Scholar
Davies, J. E., Freed, V. H., and Whittemore, F. W. (1982) An agromedical approach to pesticide management, some health and environmental considerations. Univ. Miami, Miami, 320 pp.Google Scholar
Davies, J. E. and Lee, J. A. (1987) Changing profiles in human health effects of pesticides. In Pesticide Science and Biotechnology (Edited by Greenhalgh, R. and Roberts, T.R.), pp. 533–538. Blackwell Scientific Publications.Google Scholar
Dollacker, A. (1991) Pesticides in the third world. Pflanzenschutz Nachr. 44, 89–100.Google Scholar
Dorn, S. (1992) Stabilizing important agroecosystems: The contribution of juvenoids. In Papers Contributed by Ciba-Geigy. 19th Int. Cong. Entomology, Beijing, China.Google Scholar
Dowling, K. (1990) Pesticide poisoning and preventive programmes in Nicaragua. ICET News 6, 3–4.Google Scholar
FAO (1982) Agriculture towards 2000. FAO Report 23.Google Scholar
FAO (1990) Report of the sub-regional workshop on pesticide management for western Africa. FAO, Regional Office for Africa.Google Scholar
Farrell, K. R. (1990) Agricultural pest control alternatives. Calif. Agric. 44, 2.Google Scholar
Frisbie, R. E. and Smith, J. W. J. (1989) Biologically intensive integrated pest management: The future. Nat. Mtg. Entomol. Soc. Amer. Centennial Nat. Symp. Progress and Perspectives for the 21st Century. pp. 151–164.Google Scholar
GAO (1979) Better regulation of pesticide exports and pesticide residues in imported foods is essential. (Rep. No. CED-79–43). US Govt. Acct. Office, Washington DC.Google Scholar
Georghiou, G. P. (1980) Insecticide resistance and prospects for its management. Residue Reviews. 76, 131–145.Google Scholar
Georghiou, G. P. (1986) The magnitude of the resistance problem. In Pesticide Resistance: Strategies and Tactics. Nat. Acad. Press. Washington, DC. pp. 14–43.Google Scholar
Gonzalez, R. H. (1976) Crop protection in Latin America with special reference to integrated pest control. FAO Plant Protection Bulletin 24, 66–74.Google Scholar
Goodell, G. (1984) Challenges to international pest management research and extension in the third world: Do we really want IPM to work? Bull. Entomol. Soc. Amer. 30, 18–26.Google Scholar
Hansen, M. (1987) Escape from the pesticide treadmill: Alternatives to pesticides in developing countries. Institute for Consumer Policy Research, Consumers Union of the United States, 185 pp.Google Scholar
Haskell, P. T. (1977) Integrated pest control and small farmer crop protection in developing countries. Outlook on Agriculture 9, 121–126.Google Scholar
Herren, H. R. and Neuenschwander, P. (1991) Biological control of cassava pests in Africa. Annu. Rev. Entomol. 36, 257–283.Google Scholar
Irbansyah, B., Nevill, D. J., Triwiyono, A. and Sastrosiswojo, S. (1992) The practical implementation of IPM on cabbage in Indonesia. In Papers Contributed by Ciba-Geigy. 19th Int. Cong. Entomology, Beijing.Google Scholar
Kibata, G. B. (1985) Constraints in the implementation of Kenya's pesticide legislation. In Pesticide Management in East and Southern Africa (Edited by Jensen, J.), pp. 80–82. USAID/REDSO/ESA, Nairobi, Kenya.Google Scholar
Kibata, G. N. (1992) Pesticides in Kenya. Kenya Agric. Res. Inst. Mimeo.Google Scholar
Kumar, R. (1984) Cultural Practices. Insect Pest Control with Special Reference to African Agriculture. Edward Arnold Ltd., London, pp. 73–87.Google Scholar
Leonard, H. J. (1987) Natural resources and economic development in Central America. International Institute for Environment and Development, Washington, DC.Google Scholar
Matteson, P. C., Altieri, M. A. and Gange, W. C. (1984) Modification of small farmer practices for better pest management. Annu. Rev. Entomol. 29, 383–402.Google Scholar
Medina, C. D., Velasco, L. R. I. and Soriano, J. S. J. (1992) Developing an insect monitoring system for rice farmers in the Philippines. In Papers Contributed by Ciba-Geigy. 19th Int. Cong. Entomol., Beijing.Google Scholar
Metcalf, R. L. (1980) Changing role of insecticides in crop protection. Annu. Rev. Entomol. 25, 219–256.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nickle, J. L. (1973) Pest situations in changing agricultural systems, a review. Bull. Entomol. Soc. Amer. 19, 136–142.Google Scholar
NRC (1989) Alternative Agriculture. National Research Council, Board on Agriculture. Nat. Acad. Press, Washington.Google Scholar
Okigbo, B. N. (1991) Development of sustainable agricultural systems in Africa; role of international agricultural research centers and national agricultural research systems. IITA Distinguished African Scientist Lecture Series. 66 pp.Google Scholar
Pimentel, D. (1992) Pesticides and world food supply. In The Science of Global Change (Edited by Dunnette, D. A. and O'Brien, R. J.),pp. 309–323. American Chemical Society, Washington, DC.Google Scholar
Repetto, R. (1985) Paying the price: Pesticide subsidies in developing countries. World Resources Institute Research Report 2. 27 pp.Google Scholar
Richardson, L. (1990) Probing the “circle of poison”. Agrichem. Age. 20–21.Google Scholar
Risch, S. D., Andow, D. and Altieri, M. A. (1983) Agroecosystem diversity and pest control: Data, tentative conclusions, and new research directions. Environ. Entomol. 12, 625–629.Google Scholar
Rousch, R. T. and Tabashnik, B. E. (Eds.) (1990) Pesticide Resistance in Arthropods. Chapman and Hall, New York and London.Google Scholar
Saxena, K. N., Pala Okeyo, A., Seshu-Reddy, K. V., Omolo, E. O. and Ngode, L. (1990) Insect pest management and socio-economic circumstances of small-scale farmers for food crop production in western Kenya: A case study. Insect Sci. Applic. 10, 443–462.Google Scholar
Schaefers, G. A. (1990) Public sector pesticide use in Africa. J. Agric. Entomol. 7, 183–190.Google Scholar
Schulten, G. G. M. (1987) Challenges facing agricultural entomology in the tropics. Insect Sci. Applic. 8, 397–405.Google Scholar
Schulten, G. G. M. (1990) Needs and constraints of integrated pest management in developing countries. Med. Fac. Landbouww. Rijksuniv. Gent. 55 (2a), 207–216.Google Scholar
Smith, R. F. and Reynolds, H. T. (1966) Principles, definitions and scope of integrated pest control. FAO Symposium on Integrated Pest Control. 1, 11–17.Google Scholar
Tucker, W. (1978) Of mites and men. Harper's. August, 43–58.Google Scholar
USAID (1990) I. Integrated pest management: A.I.D. policy and implementation, II. Pesticide use and poisoning: A global view. US Agency for International Development Report to the US Congress. Washington.Google Scholar
Van der Wulp, H. (1990) The state of pesticide management in the S ADCC region. FAO/SADCC Subregional Workshop on Pesticide Management. FAO Regional Office for Africa.Google Scholar
Van Huis, A., Nauta, R. S. and Vulto, M. E. (1982) Traditional pest management in maize in Nicaragua: A survey. Department of Entomology Report 432. Wageningen Agricultural University, The Netherlands.Google Scholar
Vorley, W. T. (1992) Putting industry's IPM training and extension responsibility into practice in developing countries. In Papers presented by Ciba-Geigy. 19th Int. Cong. Entomol. Beijing.Google Scholar
Wasilewski, A. (1987) The quiet epidemic, pesticide poisonings in Asia. IDRC Reports 16, 18–19.Google Scholar
Wittwer, S. H. (1979) Pesticides as part of the food production system. In 9th Int. Cong. Entomology 1, 222–224, Burgess Publishing Co., Washington.Google Scholar