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The biology and behaviour of Cicadulina triangula in relation to maize streak virus resistance screening

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 September 2011

Z. T. Dabrowski
Z. T. Dabrowski
Affiliation:
International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Oyo Road, P.M. Box 5320, Ibadan, Nigeria
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Abstract

The success in streak virus resistance breeding at the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA) has depended mostly on developing suitable techniques for mass rearing Cicadulina triangula as a vector. Since 1977, IITA scientists have continuously improved maize streak virus (MSV) screening techniques. Recent innovations in mass rearing Cicadulina have made it possible to infest experimental maize fields at IITA with as many as 180,000–200,000 viruliferous leafhoppers each week. The 10–14 day old maize seedlings have been replaced with millet plants for oviposition and rearing of nymphs. The effect of temperature on the biology of C. triangula was studied under growth-chamber and screen house conditions. Monitoring to find out the percentage of active virus transmitters in the research population helps to indicate the number of viruliferous leafhoppers which should be released per experimental plant to secure 90–95% efficiency of MSV infections. Three-leaf stage plants produce clear streak virus symptoms after 5–7 days. Older plants require a higher number of Cicadulina adults to produce symptoms.

Résumé

Le développement de techniques appropriées quant à l'élevage de masse du vecteur Cicadulina triangula a joué un rôle crucial dans la réussite du programme de sélection mené à l'IITA et portant sur la résistance au virus de la striure. Depuis 1977, les méthodes de criblage visant à améliorer cette résistance ont été constamment perfectionnées. Les dernières innovations touchant à l'élevage de masse de Cicadulina ont permis une infestation hebdomadaire des parcelles expérimentales de l'Institut avec des jassides virulents de l'ordre de 180.000–200.000. Dans le domaine de l'oviposition et de l'élevage des nymphes, les plants de mil ont été substitués aux plantules de maïs de 10–14 jours. Par ailleurs, l'influence de la température sur la biologie de C. triangula a fait l'objet d'une étude en conditions de chambre de croissance et de Serre. Un contrôle soigné visant à évaluer le pourcentage de transmetteurs actifs au sein de la population expérimentale peut s'avérer très utile. En effet, cette opération facilite la détermination du nombre de jassides virulents qu'il faudra déposer sur chaque plant pour obtenir un degré d'infection de 90–95% par le virus de la striure. Les symptômes de la maladie sont clairement discernables sur les plants ayant atteint le stade à trois feuilles, et ceci 5–7 jours après l'infestation. Les pieds plus âgés, quant à eux, nécessitent un nombre supérieur de Cicadulina adultes avant que n'apparaissent les symptômes.

Keywords

Cicadulina triangulaCicadulina spp.leafhoppersmaize streak virusresistancemaize mottleleaf chlorotic stunt virus
Type
Section V: screening techniques and methodologies for host plant resistance research
Information
International Journal of Tropical Insect Science , Volume 6 , Special Issue 3: Host Plant Resistance and its Significance in Pest Management , June 1985 , pp. 417 - 424
Copyright
Copyright © ICIPE 1985

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