Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-gvvz8 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-27T19:08:03.410Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Assessment of yield losses due to the pearl millet stemborer Coniesta ignefusalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in millet cropping systems

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 June 2008

Kaleson Wesley Gwadi ,
Michael Chidozie Dike  and
Christopher Iwumune Amatobi
Kaleson Wesley Gwadi*
Affiliation:
Lake Chad Research Institute, P.M.B. 1293, Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria:
Michael Chidozie Dike
Affiliation:
Institute for Agricultural Research, P.M.B. 1044, Samaru, Zaria, Kaduna, Nigeria
Christopher Iwumune Amatobi
Affiliation:
Institute for Agricultural Research, P.M.B. 1044, Samaru, Zaria, Kaduna, Nigeria
*
*E-mail: [email protected]
Get access

Abstract

Grain yield loss assessment trials were conducted between 1997 and 1999 in Samaru, Nigeria, to assess losses in millet grain caused by the stemboring crambid moth, Coniesta ignefusalis Hampson in four millet-based cropping systems. Deadhearts were scored at 35 and 45 days after planting (DAP) and bored and unbored stems at 95 DAP (harvest). Grain yield loss 35 DAP in 1997 was 265.56 kg/ha of monocropped millet and this was significantly different from the 146.29 kg/ha if millet was intercropped with cowpea. At 45 DAP in 1998, the loss of monocropped millet was 50.48 kg/ha and it was significantly higher than the 13.44 and 10.00 kg/ha of millet intercropped with groundnut or cowpea, respectively. Losses were non-significant under all cropping systems at 45 DAP in 1997 and 35 DAP in 1998. Assessing for yield losses at harvest (95 DAP) in the 3 years was difficult because in some cases, bored stems out-yielded unbored ones. However, the mean grain yields of stems bored by the stemborer under millet monocrop in 1997 (3881.37 kg/ha) and 1998 (4308.15 kg/ha) were significantly higher than those under millet intercrops in both years. Similarly, mean grain yields of unbored stems under millet monocrop were 4327.11 and 5128.78 kg/ha in 1998 and 1999, respectively, and these were also significantly different from those of unbored stems under all millet intercrops in both years. The mean grain yields of all unbored plants were non-significant in 1997. Using linear regression analysis, a significant and positive correlation was established between yield loss and larval population under millet monocrop in 1997 (r = 0.871). A similar relationship was observed between yield loss and percentage plant infestation (deadhearts) under all cropping systems in 1997 and under millet monocrop (r = 0.994) and millet–cowpea (r = 0.8487) intercrops in 1998. Percentage plant infestation rather than larval numbers was found to be the better indicator of yield loss in millet.

Keywords

assessmentyield losspearl milletConiesta ignefusaliscropping systems
Type
Research Paper
Information
International Journal of Tropical Insect Science , Volume 28 , Issue 2 , June 2008 , pp. 98 - 107
Copyright
Copyright © ICIPE 2008

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Abakura, J. B., Odo, P. E. and Kadams, A. M. (2001) Comparative indices for the evaluation of effectiveness of intercropping systems in the Sudan Savanna region of Nigeria. Journal of Arid Agriculture 11, 21–25.Google Scholar
Adesiyun, A. A. (1963) Some effects of intercropping sorghum, millet and maize on infestation by lepidopterous stalk borers particularly, Busseola fusca. Insect Science and Its Application 4, 387–391.Google Scholar
Adesiyun, A. A. (1993) Seasonal abundance and life history of the millet stem borer, Coniesta ignefusalis Hamp. (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in Samaru, Nigeria. Insect Science and Its Application 14, 589–593.Google Scholar
Ajayi, O. (1990) Possibilities for integrated control of millet stem borer, Acigona ignefusalis Hampson (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in Nigeria. Insect Science and Its Application 11, 109–117.Google Scholar
Ajayi, O. (1997) Effect of intercropping and insecticide application on millet stem borer attack, pp. 14–18. In Entomology Annual Report, 1996. ICRISAT West and Central Africa Programme, 38 pp..Google Scholar
Ajayi, O. (1998) Effect of intercropping, crop variety and insecticide on millet stem borer, pp. 12–13. In Entomology Annual Report, 1997. ICRISAT West and Central Africa Programme, 33 pp..Google Scholar
Ajayi, O., Dike, M. C., Youm, O., Birnin Kudu, U., Gupta, S. C. and Zarafi, A. B. (2002) Evaluation of pearl millet varieties for resistance to millet stem borer, Coniesta ignefusalis Hampson (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in Nigeria. Samaru Journal of Agricultural Research 18, 55–66.Google Scholar
Ajayi, O., Owonubi, J. J., Uyovbisere, E. O. and Zarafi, A. B. (1998) Climatic, edaphic and biological factors limiting millet yield in Nigeria, pp. 9–36. In Pearl Millet in Nigerian Agriculture: Production, Utilization and Research Priorities (Edited by Emechebe, A. M., Ikwelle, M. C., Ajayi, O., Aminu-Kano, M. and Anaso, A. B.). Proceedings of the Preseason National Coordination and Planning Meeting of Nationally Coordinated Research Programme on Pearl Millet, Maiduguri, Nigeria, 21–24 April 1997. Lake Chad Research Institute, Maiduguri, Nigeria.Google Scholar
Amoako-Atta, B. and Omolo, E. O. (1983) Yield losses caused by stem and pod-borer complex within maize–cowpea–sorghum intercropping systems in Kenya. Insect Science and Its Application 4, 39–46.Google Scholar
Delucchi, V. (1989) Integrated pest management vs systems management, pp. 51–67. In Biological Control: A Sustainable Solution to Crop Pest Problems in Africa (Edited by Yaninek, J. S. and Herren, H. R.). Proceedings of the Inaugural Conference and Workshop of the IITA Biological Control Program Centre for Africa, 5–9 December 1988, Cotonou, Peoples Republic of Benin. IITA, Cotonou.Google Scholar
Dike, M. C., Ajiboye, O. and Ajayi, O. (1999) Survey of millet stem borer, Coniesta ignefusalis Hamps and other insects on late maturing pearl millet in Nigeria. Journal of Arid Agriculture 9, 1–8.Google Scholar
Gahukar, R. T. (1990) Population ecology of Acigona ignefusalis (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in Senegal. Environmental Entomology 19, 558–564.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gomez, K. A. and Gomez, A. A. (1984) Statistical Procedure for Agricultural Research. 2nd ed.Wiley, London. 680 pp.Google Scholar
Gwadi, K. W. (2001) Sex pheromones and weather factors as means of predicting millet stem borer, Coniesta ignefusalis Hampson (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) outbreaks in the Nigerian Savanna. PhD thesis, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria, 171 pp..Google Scholar
Gwadi, K. W., Dike, M. C. and Amatobi, C. I. (2005a) Effect of intercropping pearl millet with cowpea, groundnut and sorghum on millet stem borer, Coniesta ignefusalis (Lepidoptra: Pyralide) infestation and grain yield. Samaru Journal of Agricultural Research 21, 51–62.Google Scholar
Gwadi, K. W., Dike, M. C. and Amatobi, C. I. (2005b) Infestation intensity levels of lepidopterous stem-borers in millet and their effects on yield in millet cropping systems in the Nigeria Guinea Savanna. Journal of Arid Agriculture 14, 72–79.Google Scholar
Gwadi, K. W., Nkama, I., Bibinu, A. T. S., Iheanacho, A. C., Yakubu, Y. and Ndahi, W. B. (2003) Millet production trends, pests, diseases, economics and utilization. Journal of Arid Agriculture 13, 1–17.Google Scholar
Harris, K. M. (1962) Lepidopterous stem borers of cereals in Nigeria. Bulletin of Entomological Research 53, 139–171.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Harris, K. M. (1989) Recent advances in sorghum and millet research, pp. 9–16. In Proceedings of International Workshop on Sorghum Stem Borers, 17–20 November 1987. ICRISAT Centre, Patancheru, AP, India..Google Scholar
Ikwelle, M. C., Labe, D. A. and Nwasike, C. C. (1993) Millet production in Nigeria: Constraints and prospects, pp. 122–129. In Proceedings of the Regional Millet Workshop, 19–21 September 1990, Pearl Millet Improvement Programme, ICRISAT Sahelian Centre, Niamey, Niger. (Semi-formal publication)..Google Scholar
Jago, N. D. (Ed.) (1993) Millet Crop Loss Assessment Methods. Natural Resources Institute Bulletin No. 62. Natural Resources Institute, Chatham, UK, 63 pp.Google Scholar
Jago, N. D. (1995) Population monitoring and crop loss assessment, pp. 103–113. In Panicle Insects of Sorghum and Pearl Millet (Edited by Nwanze, K. F. and Youm, O.). Proceedings of an International Consultative Workshop, 4–7 October 1993. ICRISAT Sahelian Centre, Niamey, Niger. ICRISAT, Patancheru, AP, India.Google Scholar
Kwari, J. D., Grema, A. K. and Bibinu, A. T. S. (1998) Fertilizer trials for millet/legumes mixtures with emphasis on nitrogen rates, pp. 120–125. In Pearl Millet in Nigerian Agriculture: Production, Utilization and Research Priorities (Edited by Emechebe, A. M., Ikwelle, M. C., Ajayi, O., Aminu-Kano, M. and Anaso, A. B.). Proceedings of the Preseason National Coordination and Planning Meeting of Nationally Coordinated Research Programme on Pearl Millet, Maiduguri, Nigeria, 21–24 April 1997. Lake Chad Research Institute, Maiduguri, Nigeria.Google Scholar
Labe, D. A. (1993) Advances in cereals — millet, pp. 79–91. In Field Research Methods and Recent Developments in Agricultural Research. Proceedings of a Training Workshop 17–21 May 1993. IAR/ABU, Samaru, Zaria, Nigeria..Google Scholar
Leuschner, K. (1989) A review of sorghum stem borer screening procedures, pp. 129–135. In Proceedings of International Workshop on Sorghum Stem Borers, 17–20 November 1987. ICRISAT Centre, Patancheru, AP, India..Google Scholar
Lukefhar, M. J. (1988) Summary of 1987 Pearl Millet Entomology Research Activities. ICRISAT Sahelian Centre, Niamey, Niger. 17 pp.Google Scholar
Nwanze, K. F. (1988) Assessment of on-farm losses in millet due to insect pests. Insect Science and Its Application 9, 673–677.Google Scholar
Nwanze, K. F. (1989) Insect pests of pearl millet in Sahelian West Africa. 1. Acigona ignefusalis (Pyralidae: Lepidoptera): Distribution, population dynamics and assessment of crop damage. Tropical Pest Management 35, 137–142.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Odion, E. C., Yusuf, Y., Labe, D. A. and Amatobi, C. I. (1994) Effect of crop arrangement, number and technique of insecticidal spray on cowpea and millet mixture in the Nigerian Sudan Savanna. Samaru Journal of Agricultural Research 11, 21–29.Google Scholar
Olukosi, J. O., Elemo, K. A., Kumar, V. and Ogungbile, A. O. (1991) Farming systems research and the development of improved crop mixtures technologies in the Nigeria Savanna. Journal of the West African Farming Systems Research Network 1, 17–24.Google Scholar
SAS Institute (1990) SAS/STAT Users Guide Version 6.0, 4th ed.SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC. 1686 pp.Google Scholar
Schulthess, F., Bosque-Perez, N. A. and Gounou, S. (1991) Sampling lepidopterous pests on maize in West Africa. Bulletin of Entomological Research 51, 297–301.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Setamou, M., Schulthess, F., Bosque-Perez, N. A. and Thomas-Odjo, A. (1995) The effect of stem and cob borers on maize subjected to different nitrogen treatments. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 77, 205–210.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Singh, L., Egharevba, P. N., Ogunlela, V. B. and Balasubramanian, V. (1983) New fertilizer recommendation for sole crop millet. Paper presented to the Professional and Academic Board of the Institute for Agricultural Research, Samaru, Zaria, Nigeria..Google Scholar
Singh, B. B. and Emechebe, A. M. (1998) Increasing productivity of millet–cowpea intercropping systems, pp. 69–75. In Pearl Millet in Nigerian Agriculture: Production, Utilization and Research Priorities (Edited by Emechebe, A. M., Ikwelle, M. C., Ajayi, O., Aminu-Kano, M. and Anaso, A. B.). Proceedings of the Preseason National Coordination and Planning Meeting of Nationally Coordinated Research Programme on Pearl Millet, Maiduguri, Nigeria, 21–24 April 1997. Lake Chad Research Institute, Maiduguri, Nigeria.Google Scholar
Taneja, S. L. and Nwanze, K. F. (1989) Assessments of yield losses of sorghum and pearl millet due to stem borer damage, pp. 95–104. In Proceedings of International Workshop on Sorghum Stem borers, 17–20 November 1987. ICRISAT Centre, Patancheru, India..Google Scholar
Theunissen, J., Boij, C. J. H. and Lotz, L. A. P. (1995) Effect of intercropping white cabbage with clovers on pest infestation and yield. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 74, 7–16.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vogel, W. O., Hennessey, R. D., Berhe, T. and Matungulu, K. M. (1993) Yield losses to maize streak disease and Busseola fusca (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and economic benefits of streak resistant maize to small farmers in Zaire. International Journal of Pest Management 39, 229–238.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Youm, O. and Gilstrap, F. E. (1994) Habitat selection, crop damage and oviposition preference by Coniesta ignefusalis (Lep.: Pyralidae). International Journal of Pest Management 40, 231–236.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Youm, O., Harris, K. M. and Nwanze, K. F. (1996) Coniesta ignefusalis (Hampson), the Millet Stemborer: A Handbook of Information. Information Bulletin No. 46. ICRISAT, Patancheru, AP, India, 60 pp..Google Scholar
Youm, O., Russell, D. and Hall, D. K. (1998) Use of Pheromone Traps for Monitoring the Millet Stem Borer (Coniesta ignefusalis). Information Bulletin No. 40. ICRISAT, Patancheru, AP, India. 20 pp. ISBN 92-9066-290-5..Google Scholar