Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-rcrh6 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-24T02:43:49.590Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

An evaluation of outcrossing to improve mass-reared strains of the Queensland fruit fly Bactrocera tryoni

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 August 2014

A.S. Gilchrist  and
A.W. Meats
A.S. Gilchrist*
Affiliation:
Evolution and Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW2052, Australia
A.W. Meats
Affiliation:
Fruit Fly Research Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, A12, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW2006, Australia
*
*E-mail: [email protected]
Get access

Abstract

Outcrossing to wild or unrelated strains has been proposed as a counter to the negative effects of adaptation by domesticated animals to captive-breeding environments. However, for mass-reared insects intended for sterile insect technique release, outcrossing may reduce productivity in mass-rearing facilities. In this study, we characterized adaptation to mass-rearing in the Queensland fruit fly Bactrocera tryoni (Froggatt). The features of domesticated B. tryoni were similar to those of other domesticated tephritids: shortened preoviposition period, higher egg production and increased early survival. We also examined the practical use of outcrossing to improve mass-reared strains. The B. tryoni mass-reared strain was crossed with independent strains that had already been domesticated for a varying number of generations. Preoviposition period, egg production, survival and stress tolerance were measured in the resulting hybridized strains. The short preoviposition period of the mass-reared strain was retained in outcrossed flies, indicating a genetically dominant trait. Egg production in outcrossed flies exceeded the mid-parent value, indicating some hybrid vigour for this trait. If both parents exhibited high egg production, the egg production of outcrossed strains was as high as that of the mass-reared strain. The high early survival of domesticated tephritids was reduced in outcrossed females, but not in outcrossed males. Preliminary thermal stress tests revealed that outbred flies were more stress resistant than the mass-reared strain. Therefore, the anticipated loss of productivity in outcrossed B. tryoni mass-reared strains is avoidable by choosing suitable parental strains and the outcrossed flies should have improved field performance. Using already domesticated strains should also facilitate the annual renewal of hybrid strains.

Keywords

Bactrocera tryonimass-rearingdevelopment timeegg productionlongevityoutcrossingsterile insect technique
Type
Research Papers
Information
International Journal of Tropical Insect Science , Volume 34 , Issue S1 , November 2014 , pp. S35 - S44
Copyright
Copyright © ICIPE 2014 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Ahrens, E. H., Hofmann, H. G., Goodenough, J. L. and Peterson, H. D. (1976) A field comparison of two strains of sterilized screwworm flies. Journal of Medical Entomology 12, 691–694.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Anderson, D. T. (1962) Embryology of Dacus (Bactrocera) tryoni (Frogg.) [Diptera, Trypetidae (Tephritidae)], Queensland fruit fly. Journal of Embryology and Experimental Morphology 10, 248–292.Google Scholar
Bateman, M. A. (1955) The effect of light and temperature on the rhythm of pupal ecdysis in the Queensland fruit fly, Dacus (Bactrocera) tryoni Frogg. Australian Journal of Zoology 3, 22–33.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bateman, M. A. (1991) The impact of fruit flies on Australian horticulture. In Horticultural Policy Council Report No. 3. Department of Primary Industries, Canberra. 81 pp.Google Scholar
Bateman, M. A. and Sonleitner, F. (1967) The ecology of a natural population of the Queensland fruit fly, Dacus (Bactrocera) tryoni. I. Parameters of pupal and adult populations during a single season. Australian Journal of Zoology 15, 303–335.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bush, G. L., Neck, R. W. and Kitto, G. B. (1976) Screwworm eradication: inadvertent selection for noncompetitive ecotypes during mass rearing. Science 193, 491–493.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Carey, J. R. (1992) Applied Demography for Biologists. Oxford University Press, Oxford. 206 pp.Google Scholar
Cayol, J. P. (2000) Changes in sexual behavior and some life traits of Tephritid species caused by mass-rearing processes, pp. 843–860. In Phylogeny and Evolution of Fruit Flies (Tephritidae) Behavior (edited by Aluja, M. and Norrbom, A.). CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida.Google Scholar
Crnokrak, P. and Roff, D. A. (1999) Inbreeding depression in the wild. Heredity 83, 260–270.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Diamantidis, A. D., Carey, J. R., Nakas, C. T. and Papadopoulos, N. T. (2011) Ancestral populations perform better in a novel environment: domestication of Mediterranean fruit fly populations from five global regions. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 102, 334–345.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ekesi, S., Nderitu, P. W. and Chang, C. L. (2007) Adaptation to and small-scale rearing of invasive fruit fly Bactrocera invadens (Diptera: Tephritidae) on artificial diet. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 100, 562–567.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fanson, B. G., Weldon, C. W., Perez-Staples, D., Simpson, S. J. and Taylor, P. W. (2009) Nutrients, not caloric restriction, extend lifespan in Queensland fruit flies (Bactrocera tryoni). Aging Cell 8, 514–523.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fitt, G. P. (1984) Oviposition behavior of two tephritid fruit flies, Dacus (Bactrocera) tryoni and Dacus (Bactrocera) jarvisi, as influenced by the presence of larvae in the host fruit. Oecologia 62, 37–46.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Frankham, R. (2008) Genetic adaptation to captivity in species conservation programs. Molecular Ecology 17, 325–333.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gilchrist, A. S. (2010) Improving SIT technique to control fruit fly for citrus market access. Final Report, Project CT06017. Horticulture Australia Limited, Sydney. 35 pp.Google Scholar
Gilchrist, A. S. and Crisafulli, D. C. A. (2006) Using variation in wing shape to distinguish between wild and mass-reared individuals of Queensland fruit fly, Bactrocera tryoni. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 119, 175–178.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gilchrist, A. S. and Meats, A. W. (2012) Factors affecting the dispersal of large-scale releases of the Queensland fruit fly, Bactrocera tryoni. Journal of Applied Entomology 136, 252–262.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gilchrist, A. S. and Partridge, L. (1999) A comparison of the genetic basis of wing size divergence in three parallel body size clines of Drosophila melanogaster. Genetics 153, 1775–1787.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gilchrist, A. S., Sved, J. A. and Meats, A. (2004) Genetic relations between outbreaks of the Queensland fruit fly, Bactrocera tryoni (Froggatt) (Diptera: Tephritidae), in Adelaide in 2000 and 2002. Australian Journal of Entomology 43, 157–163.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gilligan, D. M. and Frankham, R. (2003) Dynamics of genetic adaptation to captivity. Conservation Genetics 4, 189–197.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hernandez, E., Toledo, J., Artiaga-Lopez, T. and Flores, S. (2009) Demographic changes in Anastrepha obliqua (Diptera: Tephritidae) throughout the laboratory colonization process. Journal of Economic Entomology 102, 542–551.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Krainacker, D. A., Carey, J. R. and Vargas, R. I. (1989) Size-specific survival and fecundity for laboratory strains of two tephritid (Diptera: Tephritidae) species: implications for mass rearing. Journal of Economic Entomology 82, 104–108.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Matsuyama, T. and Kuba, H. (2009) Mating time and call frequency of males between mass-reared and wild strains of melon fly, Bactrocera cucurbitae (Coquillett) (Diptera: Tephritidae). Applied Entomology and Zoology 44, 309–314.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McInnis, D. O., Lance, D. R. and Jackson, C. G. (1996) Behavioral resistance to the sterile insect technique by Mediterranean fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Hawaii. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 89, 739–744.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McInnes, D. O., Shelly, T. E. and Komatsu, J. (2002) Improving male mating competitiveness and survival in the field for medfly, Ceratitis capitata (Diptera: Tephritidae) SIT programs. Genetica 116, 117–124.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Meats, A. (1981) The bioclimatic potential of the Queensland fruit fly, Dacus (Bactrocera) tryoni, in Australia. Proceedings of the Ecological Society of Australia 11, 151–161.Google Scholar
Meats, A. (1984) Thermal constraints to successful development of the Queensland fruit fly in regimes of constant and fluctuating temperature. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 36, 55–59.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Meats, A. and Fitt, G. P. (1987) Survival of repeated frosts by the Queensland fruit fly, Dacus tryoni: experiments in laboratory simulated climates with either step or ramp fluctuations of temperature. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 45, 9–16.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Meats, A., Holmes, H. M. and Kelly, G. L. (2004) Laboratory adaptation of Bactrocera tryoni (Diptera: Tephritidae) decreases mating age and increases protein consumption and number of eggs produced per milligram of protein. Bulletin of Entomological Research 94, 517–524.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Miyatake, T. (1997) Genetic trade-off between early fecundity and longevity in Bactrocera cucurbitae (Diptera: Tephritidae). Heredity 78, 93–100.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Miyatake, T. (1998) Genetic changes of life history and behavioral traits during mass-rearing in the melon fly, Bactrocera cucurbitae (Diptera: Tephritidae). Researches on Population Ecology 40, 301–310.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Miyatake, T. and Yamagishi, M. (1999) Rapid evolution of larval development time during mass-rearing in the melon fly, Bactrocera cucurbitae. Researches on Population Ecology 41, 291–297.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nakamori, H. and Soemori, H. (1981) Comparison of dispersal ability and longevity for wild and mass-reared melon flies: Dacus cucurbitae Coquillett (Diptera: Tephritidae), under field conditions. Applied Entomology and Zoology 16, 321–327.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nyamukondiwa, C. and Terblanche, J. S. (2009) Thermal tolerance in adult Mediterranean and Natal fruit flies (Ceratitis capitata and Ceratitis rosa): effects of age, gender and feeding status. Journal of Thermal Biology 34, 406–414.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pappas, M. L., Broufas, G. D., Koufali, N., Pieri, P. and Koveos, D. S. (2011) Effect of heat stress on survival and reproduction of the olive fruit fly Bactrocera (Dacus) oleae. Journal of Applied Entomology 135, 359–366.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Prasad, N. G., Shakarad, M., Gohil, V. M., Sheeba, V., Rajamani, M. and Joshi, A. (2000) Evolution of reduced pre-adult viability and larval growth rate in laboratory populations of Drosophila melanogaster selected for shorter development time. Genetical Research 76, 249–259.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rull, J. and Barreda-Landa, A. (2007) Colonization of a hybrid strain to restore male Anastrepha ludens (Diptera: Tephritidae) mating competitiveness for sterile insect technique programs. Journal of Economic Entomology 100, 752–758.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rull, J., Brunel, O. and Mendez, M. E. (2005) Mass rearing history negatively affects mating success of male Anastrepha ludens (Diptera: Tephritidae) reared for sterile insect technique programs. Journal of Economic Entomology 98, 1510–1516.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sgro, C. M. and Partridge, L. (2000) Evolutionary responses of the life history of wild-caught Drosophila melanogaster to two standard methods of laboratory culture. American Naturalist 156, 341–353.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shelly, T. E. (2001) Outcrossing and the mating competitiveness of male Mediterranean fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae): results from the world's oldest mass-reared strain. Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society 35, 49–54.Google Scholar
Vargas, R. I. and Carey, J. R. (1989) Comparison of demographic parameters for wild and laboratory-adapted Mediterranean fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America 82, 55–59.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vargas, R. I., Walsh, W. A., Kanehisa, D., Stark, J. D. and Nishida, T. (2000) Comparative demography of three Hawaiian fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) at alternating temperatures. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 93, 75–81.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wang, X. G., Johnson, M. W., Daane, K. M. and Nadel, H. (2009) High summer temperatures affect the survival and reproduction of olive fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritidae). Environmental Entomology 38, 1496–1504.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Woodworth, L. M., Montgomery, M. E., Briscoe, D. A. and Frankham, R. (2002) Rapid genetic deterioration in captive populations: causes and conservation implications. Conservation Genetics 3, 277–288.CrossRefGoogle Scholar