Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-t7fkt Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-24T08:40:05.579Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Répercussions des programmes d'aménagement hydraulique et rural sur l'epidémiologie et l'épizootiologie des trypanosomiases

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 September 2011

P. Finelle
Affiliation:
Food and Agriculture Organization, Via delle Terme di Caracalla, 00100-Rome, Italy
Get access

Abstract

The geographical distribution and the biology of the different species of tsetse fly are closely connected with the vegetation. Any modification in the vegetation cover may therefore change, in one way or another, the dynamics of tsetse populations and, consequently, influence the transmission of trypanosamiasis. Irrigation and rural development programmes which often drastically change the natural vegetation of vast areas will therefore result in major changes in the incidence, epidemiology and epizootiology of trypanosomiasis.

Only very limited studies have been carried out on this important problem and it is very difficult, if not impossible, to make a review of this subject as the data available are very fragmentary and often relate to specific situations.

The main purpose of this article is not only to review the data and information available at present, but also to identify and stress our lack of knowledge and the need for further research.

The problems created by establishment of irrigation and rural development programmes, industrial scale plantations, irrigated cultivations, livestock rearing centres are highlighted without neglecting the sociological and medical aspects of population transfers connected with these development programmes.

The conclusions attempt to identify the research which should be carried out in the field and propose some recommendations drawing attention to both the health services and to those responsible for planning and establishing irrigation and rural development programmes.

Résumé

La répartition géographique et la biologie des diverses espèces de glossines sont très étroitement liées à la végetation. Toute transformation du couvert végétal peut donc modifier, dans un sens ou dans un autre, la dynamique des populations de glossines et partant influer sur la transmission de la trypanosomiase. Les programmes d'aménagement hydraulique et rural, qui souvent modifient radicalement la végétation naturelle sur de vastes superficies, doivent done entraîner des changements profonds dans l'incidence, l'épidémiologie et l'épizootiologie de la trypanosomiase.

Cet important problème n'a fait l'objet que d'études limitées et il est bien difficile sinon impossible d'en faire une synthèse tant les données disponibles sont fragmentaires et souvent reliées à des situations particulières.

Cet article vise donc autant à faire le point des informations actuelles qu'à mettre en evidence les lacunes de nos connaissances ou les besoins de recherche.

Les problèmes posés par la création des aménagements hydrauliques et ruraux, les plantations de type industriel, les cultures irriguées, les établissements d'élevage, sont successivement envisagés sans négliger les aspects sociologiques et médicaux des mouvements de populations liés à ces aménagements.

La conclusion cherche à identifier les recherches qui devraient être entreprises sur ce sujet et à dégager quelques recommendations à l'attention tant des services sanitaires que de ceux chargés de planifier et de réaliser ces grands ensembles hydrauliques et ruraux.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © ICIPE 1980

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Adekolu-John, E. O. (1975) The relative importance of human trypanosomiasis in the Kainji Lake area of Nigeria. OAU/STRC Publ. No. 109, 58.Google Scholar
Baldry, D. A. T. (1969) Variation in the ecology of Glossina spp. with special reference to Nigerian populations of Glossina tachinoides. Bull. Wld Hlth Org. 40, 859869.Google ScholarPubMed
Baldry, D. A. T. (1980) Local distribution and ecology of Glossina palpalis and G. tachinoides in forest foci of West African human trypanosomiasis, with special reference to associations between peri-domestic tsetse and their hosts. Insect Sci. Application 1, 8593.Google Scholar
Buxton, P. A. (1955) The Natural History of Tsetse Flies. Rem. Lond. Hyg. Trop. Red. No. 10, 816 pp. H. K. Lewis, London.Google Scholar
Challier, A. et Gouteux, J. P. (1980) Ecology and epidemiological importance of Glossina palpalis in the Ivory Coast forest zone. Insect Sci. Application 1, 7783.Google Scholar
Ford, J. (1970) The Role of the Trypanosomiases in African Ecology. 568 pp. Clarendon Press, Oxford.Google Scholar
Jordan, A. M. (1974) Recent developments in the ecology and methods of control of tsetse flies—A review. Bull. ent. Res. 63, 361399.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kuzoe, F. A. S. (1971) Distribution of Glossina in areas peripheral to the Volta Lake. OAU/STRC Publ. No. 105, 197204.Google Scholar
Langridge, R., Kernaghan, R. J. and Glover, P. E. (1963) A review of recent knowledge of the ecology of the main vectors of trypanosomiasis. Bull. Wld Hlth Org. 28, 671701.Google ScholarPubMed
Macdonald, G. (1954) Medical implications of the Volta River Project. Trans. Roy. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. 49, 1326.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Maclennan, K. J. R. (1974) The epizootiology of tsetse transmitted Trypanosomiasis in relation to livestock development and control measures. Colloque sur les moyens de lutte contre les Trypanosomes et leurs vecteurs Paris259268.Google Scholar
Mulligan, H. W. (1970) The African Trypanosomiases, 950 pp. George Allen & Unwin, London.Google Scholar
Phillippon, B. et Mouchet, J. (1976) Répercussions des aménagements hydrauliques à usage agricole sur l'épidémiologie des maladies à vecteur en Afrique intertropicale. Colloque international L'eau et les activités agricoles, Paris, Cahiers du CENECA 3213.Google Scholar
Swynnerton, C. F. M. (1936) The tsetse flies of East Africa—A first study of their ecology with a view to their control. Trans. R. Ent. Soc. London 84, 579 pp.Google Scholar